Volume 4, Issue
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Current Article - Extra
Relación que escribió fray Gaspar de Carvajal, fraile de la orden de Santo Domingo de Guzmán, del nuevo descubrimiento del famoso río Grande que descubrió por muy gran ventura el capitán Francisco de Orellana desde su nacimiento hasta salir a la mar, con cincuenta y siete hombres que trajo consigo y se echó a su aventura por el dicho río, y por el nombre del Capitán que le descubrió se llamo el río de Orellana. Note: I could not find an English translation of the following account, so I undertook it myself. All errors are mine alone and I cannot vouch for the accuracy of the translation, it was the best I could do. - editor. The account that friar Gaspar de Carvajal wrote, friar of the order of Santo Domingo de Guzmán, of the new discovery of the famous Grand river that discovered by great good fortune by Captain Francisco de Orellana from its birth to leaving to the sea, with fifty and seven men that he led himself and threw to its adventure by the this river, and by the name of the Captain that discovered to him I call the river of Orellana. In the titled work Discovery of the River gives to Amazon and his expanded provinces, by Gaspar de Carvajal, Alonso de Rojas and Cristóbal de Acuña (Sao Paulo, 1941, pág. 91), is the following printed declaration that is in a bronze tablet, fixed to the vestibule of the cathedral of Quito. The great rumors that were heard of the Land of Cinnamon and to see the Governor, Orellana goes to Quito So that better it is understood all the desta event day is had to estimate that this captain Francisco de Orellana was Company-grade officers of Governor of the city of Santiago, the one that he in name of His Majesty populated and conquered to his coast, of New Villa of Old Port ques in the Provinces of Peru; and by the much news that was had of the land of Cinnamon, to serve to His Majesty in the discovery of this land, knowing that Gonzalo Pizarro, in name of the Marquess, came to govern to Quito and to the this earth quel this Captain had to position; and to go to the discovery of the this earth, it went to the villa of Quito, where he was this Gonzalo Pizarro, to seeing him and putting in the possession of this land. Orellana decides with Pizarro to go to discover the land of Cinnamon. - He spends forty thousand pesos in preparing his expeditionary division in Guayaquil Fact: Captain (Orellana) said to this Gonzalo Pizarro that he wanted to go with him in good condition of His Majesty and to take his friends and to spend his property better to serve; and this arranged, the Captain became to return to the this earth that to position it had and to leave in calm and calmness the this city and villa, and to follow the this day spent on forty thousand pesos of gold in necessary things, and, decorated, it was divided for the villa of Quito, where it left this Gonzalo Pizarro, and when it arrived it failed that it was already party, of whose cause the Captain to him was in some confusion of which was to do, and it was determined to happen ahead and to follow it, (broken) Orellana starts off soon for Quito and for the East, in spite of the warnings of enormous risks. - Dangerous attacks of the Indians and terrible hungers that it supports with his 23 men, until arriving at Riot Although the Earth neighbors hindered it by having to happen through very militant earth and fragosa and that feared killed it, like they had done to that had gone with very great copy of people; but despite this, to serve His Majesty, he determined east risk yet of following after the this Governor; and thus, suffering many works, that hungers like of wars that the Indians gave him, who not to take more than twenty and three men often put to him in as much jam which they thought to be lost and dead into the hands of them, and with this work walked (broken) leagues from Quito, in the term of which he lost whatever took, so that when he reached to this Gonzalo Pizarro did not take but a sword and one rodela, and his companions by the consequence, and desta way entered the province of Riot, where he was this Gonzalo Pizarro with his real one, and there it joined itself with it and was in demand of the land of Cinnamon; Padre Carvajal witnesses the arrival of Orellana and its later facts. - Gonzalo Pizarro is going in person to discover the the land of Cinnamon Although this that I have said up to here not I saw it nor I was in it, but informed me of all those that came with the this Captain; because she was I with this Gonzalo Pizarro and I saw him enter him and its companions of the way who said I have; but what from now on it will say he will be like witness of Vista and man to whom God wanted to never give to part of a so new and sight discovery, like is this that ahead I will say. After the this Captain arrived at this Gonzalo Pizarro, who was Governor, he went in person to discover the land of Cinnamon, and he did not find this land nor any disposition as to it's whereabouts to Its Majesty he could be in service, and thus he determined to happen ahead, and this Orellana captain in its pursuit with other people, and reached to the this Governor in a town that was called Burns, that was in one hundred savannahs thirty leagues of Quito, and there they became to join; and this Governor wanting to send by river down to discover, had pareceres that not he did it, because was not thing to follow a river and to leave the savannahs that fall to the backs of the villa of Pasto and Popayán, in which were many ways; and still the this Governor, wanted to follow the this river, by which we walked twenty leagues, to the end, of which we found no great populations. Gonzalo Pizarro orders to construct a boat, with the little materials and tools which he had. - Orellana was not of seeming that this boat became and here it determined this Gonzalo Pizarro was made a boat to sail the river from an end to the other by food, that already that river had average league in width; and although the this Captain was to seem that the this boat by some good respect did not become, but that they gave return to these savannahs and we followed the ways that went to the saying already populated, this Gonzalo Pizarro did not want but that the this boat was put in work; and thus, Captain Orellana , seeing this, walked by all the real one removing iron for nails and throwing to each one the wood that was to bring, and this way and of the work of all this boat took control, in which it put this Governor Pizarro some ... clothes and Indians, Displeasure by lack of food. - Manifest Orellana to Pizarro, that it determined itself to follow river down, venturing itself by foods and we followed the river down other fifty leagues, after which the town finished to us and we already went with very great necessity and lack of food, of whose cause all the companions went displeasures very and platicaban if returning and not happening ahead, because the news was had that great had depopulated; and Captain Orellana, seeing what passed and the great necessity in that all were, and that all whatever were lost had, it seemed him that not return fulfilled his honors to give on as much loss, and thus Governor went to this and he said him how he determined to leave little that there he had and to follow river down, and that if the luck favored to him in which close it found town and food whereupon all could be remedied, that he would let it know, and that if saw that it took, that did not make account of him, and that, meanwhile, who dissuaded himself back where he had food, and that waited for three or four days there to him, or the time that to him that seemed, and if did not come, that did not make account of him; and with this the this Governor said to him that he did what it seemed to him: Orellana with fifty and seven men leaves from the real one, in the boat and canoes, in order soon to give the return, if eaten found The 27th of December 1541 Thus captain Orellana took with himself fifty and seven men, with which he put in the boat already this and certain canoes that to the Indians had been taken, and began to down follow his river with intention of soon giving the return, if eaten he were; which left unlike as all we thought, because we did not find food in two hundred leagues, nor we found it, of whose cause we suffered very great necessity, as ahead he will say himself; and thus, we were walking in supplication to Our Lord had by good to direct itself in that day so that we could return to our companions. The second day that we left and we separated from our companions we had ourselves to lose in the middle of the river, because the boat gave in a wood and sumiole a table, so that not to be near earth we finished our day there; but púsose soon remedy in removing the water and putting a piece to him of table, and soon we began our way with very great priesa. Rapidity of the current. - Three days in search of foods travel considerably, moving away, without finding town And as the river ran much, we walked to twenty and to twenty and five leagues, because already the river went grown and increased thus, because of other many rivers that entered him by the skilful hand towards the South. We walked three days without seeing town no. Seeing that we had moved away of where our companions they had been and who had finished to us little that to eat we brought for our as uncertain way as the one that we did, púsose in talk between the Captain and the companions the difficulty, and the return, and the lack of food, because as we thought to give the return soon, we did not put to eat; but in confidence that we could not be far, we decided to happen ahead, and this not with little work of all. Impossibility of return. - Danger of death because of the great hunger that suffered. - They decide to follow the current of the river, like the only possible solution And as another one nor another day were not food nor signal of population, with to seem of the Captain, I said a Mass, as says in the sea, entrusting to Our Lord our people and lives, suplicando to him, as I infuriate, removed to us from so manifest work and danger, because or us traslucía, because although we wanted to return water above was not possible by the great current, because to touch to go by earth it was impossible: of way - that we were in great danger of death because of the great hunger which we suffered; and thus, looking for the advice of which one was due to do, platicando our affliction and works, accordingly we chose the lesser of two evils; the one that the Captain and to all seemed smaller, than was to go ahead and to follow the river or to die or to see what in him it had, trusting Our Lord whom it would have by good to conserve our lives until seeing our remedy. Terrible necessity that forces them to eat leathers, tapes and sole of shoes. - disappointment not to find town. - Orellana inspires confidence in his men. 1st of January, 1542 In the meantime, for want of other means, we came to so great a necessity that not we ate but leathers, tapes and soles of shoes cooked with some grass, so that it was as much our flaqueza that on the feet we could not be had, that on all fours and others with pilgrim's staffs put in mountains to look for some roots that to eat, and some had ate some nonwell-known grass, which were on the verge of death, because they were as crazy and they did not have seso; but like Our Lord he was served that we followed our trip, did not die no. With this said fatigue, some companions went very in a faint, to as the Captain animated and said that they made an effort and they had confidence in Our Lord, who because he had thrown to us by that river, would have by good to remove to good port: of such way he animated to the companions who received that work. New Year's Day of 1542, it seemed to certain companions of ours that had heard to drums of Indians, and some affirmed it and others said that no; but somewhat they were glad with this and they walked with more diligence of the customary one; and like a certain the that day, nor another one town was not seen, viose to be imagination, like in the truth was it; and of this cause, therefore the patients as the healthy ones desmayaban in as much way, that it seemed to them that no longer they could escape; but with the words that the Captain said to them sustained them, and like our God he is father of mercy and all consolation, who repairs and aids to that he calls to him in the time of the greater necessity. Orellana is first in listening to drums, town indications. - Joy of the crew. - Measures of precaution during the night Being Monday night, that counted eight of the month of January, eating certain mountain roots, we very clearly heard drums, very far from where we we were, and the Captain was the one that heard them first and it said it to the companions, and all listened, and, certified, the joy was so much that all felt, that all the last work threw in forgetfulness because we already were in inhabited land and that we could no longer die of hunger. The Captain provided soon in which by quarters we guarded ourselves with much order, because (broken) he could be the Indians to us to have felt and to come at night and to give on the real one, as they usually do; and thus, that night was very great candle, not sleeping the Captain, seeming that that night it surpassed to the others, because they wished so much the day to see itself fed up with roots. At least coming the morning, the Captain sent that it decorated the powder and arqebuses and crossbows, and that all went to point in arming itself, because to the truth no of the companions without was taken care of much here to do what they had. The Captain had his and the one of all; and thus in the morning, everything decorated and put very well in order, we began to walk in demand of the town. The natives leave their population with abundance of food After two leagues that we had gone the river down we saw coming up thee river four canoes full of Indians to see and to require the land, and as they saw us, they give to the return to great haste, giving alarm, in such way that in less of a quarter of an hour we heard in the towns many drums that named the land, because they are heard of and so are very far well arranged that they have his against and tenor and tiple: and soon the Captain sent that to very great haste the companions rowed who took the oars in the hands, because we arrived at the first town before the people took shelter; and thus he went that to very great haste we began to walk, and we arrived at the town to where the Indians all were hoping to defend and to keep their houses, and the Captain sent that with very great order all in earth jumped and that all watched after one and one by all, and that no was demanded and as good they watched what they had in hand, and that each one did what was forced: it was as much the spirit that all received in seeing the town, that they forgot all passed fatigue, and the Indians left the town with all the food that in him had, who was not little repairs and shelter for us. Before the companions ate, although they had fed up necessity, sent the Captain who ran all the town, because later gathering eaten and resting the Indians did not descend upon us and they did damage to us, and thus he was made. Here the companions began to take revenge themselves of the past, and because they did not make but eat of which the Indians had stewed for himself and to drink of their concoctions, and this with as much agony that did not think to see itself fed up; and this to the negligence was not made very, because, although they ate like men which was necessity, they did not forget to have well-taken care of of which it was necessary to defend his people to them, that all walked on warning, rifles to the shoulder and the swords underneath the armpits, watching if the Indians would attack us; and thus we were in this rest, that so can be called for us according to the work (which) there were past, up to two hours after noon, which the Indians began to come by the water to see what thing was, and thus walked like stupid by the river; Orellana flatters the natives of the town and its Cacique (chief) to attract to them and to procure foods By sight this by the Captain, standing on the ravine of the river, and in their language, that in some way understood them, began to speak with them and to say that they did not have fear and who they arrived; that it wanted to speak to them; and thus two Indians arrived to where he was the Captain, and he flattered and he cleared the fear to them and he gave them of which he had, and he said that they went to call to the gentleman, whom he loved to speak to him, and that no fear had did bad no to him; and thus Indians took what he was given to them and went soon to say it to his Sir, the one that came soon very gracious where the Captain and the companions were, and was very well received from the Captain and all, and they embraced to him, and the same Cacique showed to have in himself much contentment in seeing the good reception that was done to him. Soon the Captain ordered to give to him to dress and other things whereupon he idled much, and later it was so contented that it said that watched the Captain of what it had necessity, that he would occur it and the Captain said to him that of no thing more than of food sent it to provide: and soon the Cacique sent that their Indians brought food, and with very great brevity they brought abundantly what was necessary that meats, perdices, turkey hens and fish of many ways; and after this, the Captain thanked for much to the Cacique and he said to him that he went with God, and that called to him to all the gentlemen of that earth, which they were thirteen, because to all together he meant to speak and the cause to them of his coming; and he although said to him that another day they would be all with the Captain, and that he was going them to call, and he was divided very contented, the Captain was issuing order in which agreed to him and his companions, ordering the candles so that, thus by day like at night, there was much collection because the Indians did not give in us nor were negligence nor slackness by where they took spirit to undertake to us at night or by day. Orellana takes possession of the country in the name of the King of Spain, in the presence of some Caciques of the land. Another day to hour of eves came the this Cacique and brought with himself other three or four gentlemen, who the others could not come to be far, that another day would come; the Captain did the same recibimiento to them that to the first and spoke to them very long from Its Majesty, and in his name it took the possession from this earth; and thus it did to all the others that later in this province came; because, as I said, they were thirteen, and in all it took possession in name from His Majesty. Seeing the Captain whom all the Earth people and gentlemen it had of peace and with himself, that agreed to the good treatment, all idled to come from peace; and thus it took possession in them and this earth in name from His Majesty; and after this fact, it ordered to join his companions to speak to them upon which it was suitable to his day and rescue of his lives, doing to them a long reasoning, making an effort to them with very great words. After east fact very reasoning the Captain, the companions was left contentments to see the good spirit that the Captain in himself had and to see with how much patience underwent the works in which it was, and they also said very good words to him, and with the words that the Captain said to them they so walked contentments that no thing of which they worked did not feel. Orellana expresses the necessity to construct to another brig, taking advantage of the provisions that brought the Indians. - The first news of the Amazons After the companions were reformed somewhat of the hunger and passed work, being to work, the Captain, seeing that it was necessary to provide the one with ahead, commanded to call to all his companions, and he returned to them to say that they already saw that with the boat who we took in canoes, if God were served to contribute us to the sea, we could not in them leave to rescue, and by this it was necessary to try with diligence to make another brig that was of more bearing so that we could sail, and although it did not have between masterful us who -458- knew of such office, because what more difficult we found he was to do the nails; and in this time the Indians did not let go and come to the Captain and bring to him to eat very long and with as much order as if all their life had served; and their jewels and patenas of gold came with, and the Captain never allowed to take nothing, nor only to even watch it, because the Indians did not understand that we had it in something, and while the more in this we neglected, the more gold lay down to hills. Here they notified to us of the amazons and the wealth that down there is, and the one that gave it was Indian called Lord Aparia, old who said to have been in that country, and also notified to us of another gentleman that was separated from the river put in the Earth inside, which said to have very great gold wealth: this gentleman is called Ica; we never saw him, because, as I say, to us it remained off the track of the river. Orellana orders to prepare the necessary thing for a new boat. - Juan de Alcántara and Sebastián Rodriguez offer themselves to make the nails. - In thirty days two thousand nails are made To not lose time neither to spend food in vain, decided Captain that soon was implement which was had to do, and thus commanded to prepare the necessary thing, and the companions said that they wanted to begin his work soon; and there were between us two men to as the one is not due little to do who never learned, and seemed before the Captain and they said to him that they with aid of Our Gentleman would make the nails that were necessary, that commanded to others to make coal. These two companions were called the one Juan de Alcántara, hidalgo natural of the villa of Alcántara, and the other Sebastián Rodriguez, natural of Galicia; and the Captain thanked for, promising it to them to the award and payment of so great work; and soon it sent to make bellows of half boots, and thus all the other tools, and the other companions it sent that of three in three they gave good hornada of coal, which was soon implement, and took each one its tool and they were going away to the mount to cut firewood and to bring it to hills from the mount to the town, that would be average legua, and did its holes, and this with very great work. As they were skinny and nonskilful in that office, they could not undergo the load, and the other companions who did not have force to cut wood, sounded the bellows and others carried water, and the Captain worked in everything, of way that all we had in what to understand. Diose so good way our company in this town in the factory of this work, that in twenty days, by means of God, became two thousand very good nails and other things, and left to the Captain the work of the brig for where it found more opportunity and better equipment. By lack of food they cannot stop more in the population. - Orellana decides a prize thousand Castilians for those who letters to Pizarro took and they gave him new of which it happened. Detuvímonos in this town more than what there were to be, eating what we had, in such a way that was part so that from ahead we passed very great necessity, and this was to see if by some route or way we could know new of the real one; and sight that no, the Captain decided to give thousand Castilians to six companions if to join itself they wanted and to give new Governor Gonzalo Pizarro, and others of this would give two black them that helped them to row and some Indians, for which took letters to him and they gave him of his new part of which it happened; and between all not failed but three, because all feared the death that was certain to them, reason why had to take until arriving at where they had left the this Governor, and that it would already have given the return, because they had walked one hundred fifty leagues since they had left to the Governor in nine days that had walked. They continue the trip. - Danger in that they were in the opening of an affluent that came grown. - Two canoes with eleven Spaniards lost for 2 days 2nd of February, 1542 Finished to the work and sight that the food exhausted and us to us seven companions of the passed hunger had died, we started off, day of Our Lady the Candlemas: we put the food that we could, because no longer it was time to be more in that town, the one, because the natural ones it seemed that them of ago badly, and wanted to very leave them to contentments, and the other because we did not waste the time and we spent the food without benefit, because we did not know if there would be necessity; and thus we began to walk by this this province, and we had not walked twenty work leagues, when he joined himself with our river another one by the skilful hand not very great, in which river had its seat main called Lord Irrimorrany, and by to be Indian and gentleman of much reason and come salary to see the Captain and to bring to eat, he wanted to him to go to his earth; but also he was because of which the very strong river came and with great avenue; and here we were o'clock to lose us, because when to enter, that entered east river which we sailed, fought a water with the other and brought much wood from an end to another one, that was work to sail by him, because many eddies ago and brought us to an end and another one, but with very work left this danger without being able to take the town, and happened ahead, where we had new of another town that said to us that it was there of two hundred leagues, because all the others were desert, and thus we walked with much work of our people, suffering many very remarkable necessities and dangers, between which an excess happened to us and nonsmall alteration stops in the time in which we were, and was that two canoes where went eleven Spaniards of ours were lost between islands without knowing where we were nor being able to run into them: they walked two days lost without being able to us to run into, and we, never thinking to receive them, were with very great passion; but after this time was Our Lord served which we ran into, that was not enough the joy between all, and thus were with as much joy that seemed to us that all the last work had forgotten to us. After having a day rested to where we ran into them, the Captain commanded which we walked. The expeditionary ones arrive at populations, whose inhabitants solicit, in good form, foods. - They continue the trip, and they receive the food sent to them by the Aparia Cacique February 26, 1542 The natives tell us of the Amazons for a second time, declaring to them that they were few and they many, and that did not go to their land because they would kill them. Manifest Orellana to the Indians who were children of the Sun, that "considéranles" like celestial personages. - Taking Earth possession in the presence of 26 gentlemen Taking advantage of the good will the Indians they construct in thirty and five days a greater brig, and fix the small boat Sight by the Captain the good Earth equipment and disposition and the good will of the Indians, commanded to join all its companions and it said to them that there was then there good equipment and will in the Indians, that would be well to make a brig, and thus it was implement; and fallose between us a called entallador Diego Mexía, who, although was not his office, issued order how he was had to do; and soon the Captain sent to distribute by all the companions who each one brought a frame and two estameñas, and to which they brought the keel, and to others the stems, and to which they sawed tables, so that all had well in what to take care, not without little work of his people, because as it were winter and the wood was very far, everyone it took his axe and it went to the mount and it cut what it fitted to him and carried it to hills, and while they carried others did backs to them because the Indians them did not make bad, and this way in seven days all the woodwork was cut for this brig; and finished this task soon another one was given, that was that it ordered to make coal to make more nails and other things. It was wonderful thing to see with how much joy worked our companions and carried the coal, and thus all other the necessary one was provided. There was no man between all we who was customary to similar offices; but, despite all these difficulties, Our Lord gave all talent for which he had myself to do, since he was to save the lives, because we left with the boat and canoes there, giving as we gave later in people military, neither we could be defended nor be left the river in rescue; and thus it seemed clearly that God inspired by the Captain so that in this town that I have said became the brig, because ahead it was impossible, and this one was very to intention, because the Indians did not lack always to bring to us to eat very abundantly of the way that the Captain requested them. Diose as much haste in this work of the brig that in thirty and five days was worked and thrown to the water caulkinged with cotton and betunado with fish, which all the Indians brought because the Captain requested them. The joy of our companions was not enough to have finished what as much they wished. There were so many mosquitos in this town that we could not be worth by day nor at night, without an a the others we did not know what to do to us, that with the good inn we did not feel the work and with the desire that we had to see the aim of our day. In this half time, being in this work, they came four Indians to see the Captain, which arrived, and were of stature that each one was higher a handspan than the highest Christian, and were very white and they had very good hair who arrived to them at the waist, very enjoyadas of gold and clothes; and they brought much food; and they arrived with as much humility that all we were left frightened of its dispositions and good raising: they removed to much food and pusiéronla in front of the Captain, and they said to him how they were vassal of a very great gentleman, and who by their order came to see who we were or what we wanted or where we went; and the Captain received to them very well, and first who spoke them, he sent to give many jewels to them, that they had in much and they rested. The Captain said to them everything that he had said to them to Lord Aparia, of which the Indians were frightened not a little; and the Indians said to the Captain who they were wanted to go to give answer to their gentleman, who gave license them. The Captain occurred them and that went in good hour, and he gave many things them that they gave to his main gentleman, and that said to him that the Captain requested much to him came to him to see, because he would idle much with him; and they said that therefore they would do it, and they went away and never more we knew new from where they were nor of what country they had come from. We put in this same seat all the Cuaresma, where all the companions confessed themselves to two monks who we were there, and I preached all Sundays and celebrations the Mandate, the Passion and Resurrection, the best thing than Our Redeemor wanted to give to me to understand with its grace, and I tried to help to make an effort what I could to the severación of his good spirit to all those brothers and companions, deciding to them that they were Christian and who they would serve much to God and the Emperor in continuing the company and tolerating with patience the present works and to come until leaving with this new discovery, others being this what to his lives and you honor touched; so in this intention I said what it seemed to me fulfilling my office, and also because the life in the good event of our peregrination went to me. Also I preached the Sunday of Quasimodo, and can testify truthfully that, therefore the Captain like all the other companions, had as much mercy and spirit and sanctity of devotion in Jesus Christ and his sagrada faith, that Our Lord showed well who was his will to aid to us. The Captain requested to me that he preached and all understood much in their devotions with fervor, like people who were necessity to request to God mercy very well. Adobose also the small boat, because it came already rotten, and thus, everything decorated and put very well to point, the Captain sent that all were prepared and made matalotaje, because with the help of Our Gentleman Monday wanted to be divided itself advanced. A thing occurred to us in this town of little fright, and was not that Wednesday of Tiniebla and Thursday Santo and Friday de la Cruz made the Indians us ayunar by force, because they did not bring to us to eat until Saturday Passover eve, and the Captain said to them that why had not brought to us to eat, and they said that because had not been able it to take; and thus the Saturday and Sunday of Passover and Sunday of Cuasimodo the food was so much that brought, that we threw to him in the field. Orellana names Lieutenant to Alonso de Robles. - Exit of Aparia. - They continue the trip in its two food boats being supplied by subjects of the Cacique of Aparia 24th and 25th of April, 1542 Again they undergo hunger. - They accidentally recover a nut of crossbow of the crop of a fish 6th of May, 1542 They arrive at land of Machiparo where they free fought battles. - Pedro de Ampudia dies, is invalidado to a arcabucero and wounded 17 expeditionary ones 12th of May, 1542 The expeditionary ones enter the dominions of Oniguayal, and in one of their populations three days rest. - The Indians try to assault and to take to boarding the brigs, being tried to leave in earth the expeditionary ones, in the most dangerous situation This way and with this work we left the great province and señorío of Machiparo and arrived at nonsmaller other, than it was the beginning of Oniguayal, and and entered in the beginning of its earth it was a town to way of trimming, not very great, in a stop on the river, to where there was much people military; and seeing the Captain who neither he nor his companions could support the much work, that was not only the war, but, together with her, it was hunger, that the Indians, although we had to eat did not leave us by the too much war that they gave us, decided to take the this town, and thus commanded to straighten the brigs towards the port, and the Indians, sight that they loved to them to take the town, decided to put themselves in all resistance; and thus he was that, arriving next to the port, the Indians began to despender of their warehouse, of such way, that they made us stop; and sight the Captain the defense of the Indians, commanded that very great haste crossbows and played arcabuces, and rowed to run aground in earth; and this way they made place and they were part so that the brigs run aground to our companions and jumped in earth, and fought later in earth in such a way that they made flee the Indians, and thus was left the town by us with the food that it had. This town was strong, and to be so, said the Captain who wanted to rest three or four days there and to make some matalotaje for ahead, and thus folgamos this way and with this intention, although not without lack military, and so dangerous, that in a day to the ten hours it collected very great amount of canoes to take and to untie the brigs that were in the port, and not to provide the Captain with crossbowmen that with brevity jumped inside, we think that we did not go part to defending them; and thus, with the aid of Our Gentleman and good maña and luck of our crossbowmen, hízose some damage in the Indians, whom they had by good to become to it go and to return to his houses: thus we were resting, giving good inn us, eating to discretion, and were three days in this town. There were many very real ways that entered the Earth inside, of cause of which the Captain was afraid and sent that we prepared, because he did not want to be more there, because he could be of the stay to receive damage. Said this by the Captain, all began to decorate themselves to start off when it was commanded to them. We had walked since we went from Aparia to this town three hundred forty leagues, in which the two hundred were without no town: we found in this town great amount of very good sponge cake, that the Indians make of maize and yucca, and various fruit of all sorts. It ends, at the skilful hand, another very powerful river and greater to the one than they denominated river of the Trinidad. - Enormous and numerous populations of señorío of Omagua 21 of May, 1542 Returning to our account I write that Sunday after the Ascent of Our Lord we left this this town and we began to walk, and we had not walked two work of leagues when we saw enter by the river another very powerful and greater river the skilful hand: as much era of great that to the entrance it made three islands, of cause of which we put the river to him of the Trinidad; and in these meetings of one and another side there were many and very great populations and very pretty very fruitful earth and: this was already in señorío and land of Omagua, and being the towns so many and so great and to have as much people did not love the Captain to take port, and thus we spent all that day through town with some war, because by the water us they gave it so crude that they made us go by means of the river; and often the Indians put themselves to platicar with us, and as we did not understand them we did not know what they said to us. They are provided with abundant feeding in the town of the stoneware, description of fabulous objects that saw in a house of pleasing To hour of eves we collected a town that was on a ravine, and to seem small sent the Captain to us who we took it, and because also it had in himself so good Vista that seemed to be recreation of some Earth Mr. of inside; and thus we straightened to take it and the Indians defended themselves more than one hour, but to the end we of the town were overcome and controlled, where we found great amount of food, of which proveímos us. In this town it was a house of pleasing within which there was much stoneware of diverse forms, that tinajas as of very great pitchers of more than twenty and five arrobas, and small others vasijas like plates and escudillas and candlesticks of this stoneware of the best one than has seen in the world, because the one of Malaga it does not equal with her, because she is all enameled vidriada and of all so alive colors and that they frighten, and in addition the drawings and paintings that in them do are so compasados that naturally they work and they draw everything like the Roman; and there the Indians said to us who everything what in this house it had of mud was it in the silver and gold Earth inside, and that they would take to us there, who were close; and in this house were two ídolos the weaves of pen of diverse way, that put fright, and were of stature of giant and had in the arms put in the molledos wheels to way of washers, and the same they had in pantorrillas next to the knees: they had the drilled and very great ears, to way of the Indians of Cuzco, and greater. This generation of people resides inside in the Earth and is the one that has the wealth already happiness, and by memory they have them there; and also one was in this town gold and silver; but as our intention were not but to look for to eat and to try as we saved the lives and we notified of so great thing, we did not cure nor occurred nothing us by any wealth. They arrive at territories of Paguana whose subjects receive to them peacefully and they provide foods to them. - Abundance of ewes of Peru and good fruits in this señorío 29th of May, 1542 They happen through the mouth of the Negro river, attack a town of fishermen who were defendants by a wall of heavy logs, with the intention of gathering foods 3rd of June, 1542 They take a population that claimed to them was tributary of the amazons in whose seat it existed a plane of a city with its doors and defenses, to the same one that they adored as standard of the queen of the amazons They take abundant amount from fish, in a population ribereña, and the Indians attack the expeditionary ones trying to destroy the candles of the boats 7 of June, 1542 They happen through the mouth of a so mighty river that it is officially named the Grande River by them, dangerous watched over of the Indians, who managed to avoid They happen in front of a population in that they saw dead heads nailed in gibbetts (racks), whose reason designated to these earth with the name of the Province of the Picotas By the resistance of the Indians they are seen in the necessity to set fire to the houses of a population, to be able to gather food. - The news of Christians who lived inside the region. - By the signals that occurred them, they considered that they were those that were lost with Diego Ordaz 20th, 21st and 22 of June, 1542 In one of the combats with these tribes they saw women who spiritedly fought like captains in front of the Indians, to who they considered, by the previous references, like the Amazons I want that they know which was the cause so that these Indians defended themselves of such way. They have to know that they are subject and tributary to the Amazons, and known our coming, they are going to them to request aid and they came up to ten or twelve, that these we, that they walked fighting in front of all the Indians as flagbearers and fought they so spiritedly that the Indians did not dare to return the backs, and to which he returned them in front of us killed woods to him, and this one saw is the cause by where the Indians defended so much. These women are very white and high, and have very long the hair and entrenzado and shaken at the top, and are very membrudas and walk naked in leathers, women who hides herself with mantel their shames, with their arcs and arrows in the hands, doing as much war as ten Indians; and in truth that were woman of whom it put a handspan of arrow by one of the brigs, and other that less, than seemed our brigs porcupine. Returning to our intention and he fights, he was Our served Lord to give to force and spirit to our companions, who killed seven or eight, that these we saw, of the Amazons, because of which the Indians they desmayaron and they were won and ruined with very damage of his people; and because much people of aid came from the other towns and they had themselves to turn around, because or they became to name, sent the Captain who to very great haste embarked people, because he did not want to put I risk the life of all, and thus they embarked not without sinking, because or the Indians began to fight, and more than by the water much fleet came from canoes, and thus we became to length of the river and left the land. The news detailed on the Amazons and their Queen Coñori, whom the Indian taken in Couynco provides Tonight we got to sleep already outside all the town to a robledal that was in great a level one next to the river, where did not need afraid suspicions, because they came Indian to spy to us, and the Earth inside were much town and ways which they entered her, of whose cause the Captain and all we were in candle waiting what it could come to us. In this seat the Captain took the Indian who had taken itself above, because he would already understand to him by a vocabulary that had done, and it asked to him that from where was natural: the Indian said that of that town where they had taken him: the Captain said to him that how the gentleman of that earth was called, and the Indian responded to him that Couynco was called, and that was very great gentleman and that controlled to where we were, which, as this I have, there were one hundred fifty leagues. The Captain asked to him what women were those that had come to help and to give us war them: the Indian said that they were women who resided the Earth inside seven days of the coast, and being this Mr. subject Couynco to them, they had come to keep the coast. The Captain asked to him if these women were married: the Indian said that no. The Captain asked to him that how they live: the Indian responded that, as this has, they were the Earth inside, and that he often had been and had seen his treatment and house there, that as his vasallo were going to take the tribute when the gentleman sent it. The Captain asked if these women were many: the Indian said yes that, and that he knew by name seventy towns, contolos in front of which we were there, and that in some had been. The Captain said to him that if these towns were of straw: the Indian said that no, but of stone and with its doors, and that from a town to another one went surrounded ways of a part and another one and to stretches by them put guards because nobody can enter without it pays right. The Captain asked to him if these women give birth: the Indian said yes that. The Captain said to him that how not being married, nor resided man among them, were impregnated: he said that these Indians participate with Indians in times, and when it comes to them that desire joins much copy of people military and is going to give war to a very great gentleman that resides and has its earth next to the one of these women, and by force brings them to their country and has with himself that time that feels like to them, and after they are pregnant they return to them to send to its earth without doing to them badly other; and later, when the time comes that is to give birth that if stops son they kill to him and they send to him to its parents, and if daughter, they raise to him with great solemnity and they impose it in the things of the war. It said more, than between all these women there is one lady who holds and has all the others underneath her hand and jurisdiction, which lady is called Coñori. She said that there is a great wealth of gold and silver, and that all the main ladies and of way is not another its service but gold or silver, and the other plebian women use in vasijas of wood; except which she arrives at the fire, that is mud. She said that in the head and main city in where the lady resides there are five very great houses that are portable altars and dedicated houses al Sun, as they call caranain, and in these houses by of inside they are del ground until average high state in gangplanks of heavy lined painting ceilings of diverse colors, and that in these houses they have many ídolos of gold and silver in figure of women, and much gold stonecutting and silver in figure of women, and much gold stonecutting and silver for the service del Sun; and they walk dressed very fine wool clothes, because in this earth there are many ewes of those of Peru; its suit is blankets fitted from the chests to down, above thrown, and others like mantle fastened ahead with cords; they bring the hair tended in its earth and puttings in the head as wide gold crowns as two fingers and those their colors. It said more, than in this earth, according to we understood, there are camels that load them, and say that there are other animals, which we did not know to understand, that they are as large as a horse, and that have the hair of jeme and the cleaved leg, and that have them tied, and that of these are few. It says that there are in this earth two salt water lagoons, of that they make salt. It says that they have an order that in putting the sun does not have to be left male Indian in all these cities that do not leave outside and it goes away to its earth: but it says that many provinces of Indians to neighboring them have subjetos they and the makes pay and who they serve to them, and others there are with that have war, and special with that already we said, and they bring them to have to do with them: these say that they are very great of body and targets and much people, who everything what said here it has seen by often, like man who went and came every day; and everything what this six Indian said and had said us more to us to leagues of Quito, because of these women there was the very great news there, and to see them come many Indians down four hundred river thousands and leagues; and to thus the Indians said us above who the one that was to lower to the Earth of these women had to go boy and to return old. The Earth says that she is cold and that there is very little firewood, and very abundance of all meals; also it says other many things, and that every day is discovering more, because he is a Indian of much reason and very understood, and thus are it all the others of that earth, according to the habemos this. They cross by a land of Indians whose tattoo was black, and who used arrows with poison of a ponzoñosa grass, Antonio de Carranza dies to be reached about an arrow They arrive at the opening of an affluent, Orellana ordered to construct wood railings to protect the brigs of the arrows of the Indians (the bird leaves to them here who accompanied to them and he announced the proximity to them of populations during the trip) Great caused joy because they observe the point of the tide, indication that they were not very far from the sea. - In one of the skirmishes with the Indians they lose another companion, call Garci'a de Soria, by to be hurt with a poisoned arrow. They enter low land of many very great islands and. - The small boat is flooded by to have struck in a wood, and the great boat is in dry to have lowered the tide, to the pair that is seen in danger to perish by the attacks of numerous indigenous followers. - Enormous efforts that they had to make In eighteen days they make nails and they prepare the small brig, so that it will be able to sail They find a beach appropriate to marinate between both brigs. - They do, of grass, his riggings and ends, and the candles with the blankets that served to them to shelter themselves, are forced to eat snails and crabs like only food 6 of August, 1542 By lack of rejones (anchors) it often occurred to them to return river above, in one hour, more than what they had advanced in the day 8 of August, 1542 They approach the mouth of the river more and more, where they find very peaceful tribes that they notified of to have seen to them Christian. - Water, toasted maize and roots are provided with to sail by the ocean. - They are ventured in the Atlantic without pilot, compass, navigation charts and not knowing where they go. In all these towns they waited for the Indians to us without arms, because she is very domestic people, and they gave signs us how they had seen Christian. These Indians are to the mouth of the river by where we less left, where we took water, each one a pitcher, and an average a almud of toasted maize, and others, and others with roots, and this way we put ourselves on the verge of sailing by the sea by where the luck guided and threw, because we did not have pilot, neither needle, nor letter to us no to sail, and nor we knew why it leaves or to what end we had to throw. By all these things it replaced our teacher and redeemer Jesus Christ, to who we had by true pilot and guides, trusting its Sacratísima Majesty who It carried and took to us to land of Christians. All people that there is in this river that there are past, like we have saying, is people of much reason and men ingenious, according to which we saw and appraise by all the works that do, that bulk like drawings and paintings of all the colors, very most alive, that is wonderful thing to see. They continue the trip by the Ocean and at night of the Degollación of San Juan a brig of the other was lost, without they could be until arriving at Cubagua 26th and 29th of August; 9th and 11th of September, 1542 We left the mouth of this river among two islands, that was from the one to the other four leagues by average river, and all he together, according to above we saw him, will have of end to end on fifty leagues: it puts in the sea five the fresh water more than twenty and leagues; it grows and it diminishes six or seven fathoms. We left, as I said, to twenty and six days of the month of August, day of San Luis; and hízonos so good weather, that by river nor by the sea we never had heavy showers, that were not little miracle that Our God built with us. We began to walk with entrambos brigs, times in front of earth and other times that we saw it, but not that we knew where, and the same day of the Degollación of San Juan at night a brig separated from another one, that never we could more be seen, that we thought that there were lost one, and after nine days that we sailed metiéronnos our sins in the gulf of Pariah thinking that that one was our way, and as we were inside we wanted to return to leave to the sea: it was the so difficult exit, that we took in her seven days, all which never left to the oars of the hands our companions, and in all these seven days we did not eat but fruit to plum way, that are called hogos; so with much work we left by the mouths of the Dragoon, that such can be called for us, because nearly we remained inside. We left this jail; we were walking two days by coast advanced, after which, without to know where we were, neither where we went, neither what it had to be of us, we contributed to island of Cubagua, and city of New Cadiz, where we found our company and small brig, that were two days that arrived, because they arrived at nine days of September and we reached eleven from the this month with the great brig, where came our Captain: so much was the joy that with the others we received that I will not know it to say, because they had to lost us by and we them. Dangers that offered the logs that floated by this coast and prevented navigation, Orellana decides to start off of the island of Cubagua A thing I am informed and I certified: that thus to them as to us Mercedes has made us God great and very indicated in bringing to us in this time, that in the logs which they walk by the coast did not let to us sail, because it is the most dangerous coast than she has seen herself. We were so well received from the neighbors of this city as if we were children, because they sheltered and diéronnos to us which there were necessity. This island the Captain decided to go to give account to His Majesty of this new and great discovery and of this river, which we have is Marañón, because there is from the mouth to the island of four hundred Cubagua fifty leagues by the height, because therefore we have seen it after we arrived. In all the coast, although there are many rivers, are small. Final declaration that does p. Gaspar de Carvajal, about the intention of its testimony I, friar Gaspar de Carvajal, the minor of the monks of the Order of Our Religious Santo Domingo Father, have wanted to take this little work and event from our way and navigation, thus to say it and to notify the truth in all it, like clearing occasions to which they want to count this our peregrination the other way around or of since we have passed it and seen; and it is truth in everything what I have written and counted, and because the lavishness generates annoyance, thus, superficial and summarily, I have related what she has passed through the captain Francisco de Orellana and the hidalgos of its company and companions who we left with him the real one Gonzalo Pizarro, brother of D. Francisco Pizarro, Marquess and Governor of Peru. By the grace of God. Amen. http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/03697390899115328732268/p0000007.htm#I_65_ |
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