Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The prefix kilo- means ____.
a. | 1,000 | c. | 0.01 | b. | 100 | d. | 0.001 |
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2.
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The prefix milli- means ____.
a. | 1,000 | c. | 0.01 | b. | 100 | d. | 0.001 |
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3.
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The correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature is ____.
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4.
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The SI unit that is used to measure time is the ____.
a. | kelvin | c. | second | b. | kilogram | d. | meter |
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5.
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The variable plotted on the horizontal or x-axis is called the
____.
a. | dependent variable | c. | variable with the largest range | b. | independent
variable | d. | variable with the
smallest range |
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6.
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In a graph showing temperature change of a material over time, temperature
change is the ____.
a. | dependent variable | c. | variable with the largest range | b. | independent
variable | d. | variable with the
smallest range |
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7.
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The best type of graph to use to show how some fixed quantity is broken down
into parts is ____.
a. | bar graph | c. | circle graph | b. | line graph | d. | scatter graph |
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8.
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One benefit of the SI system is that it is ____.
a. | based on units of 100 | c. | based on multiples of ten | b. | not used to measure
temperature | d. | not used in the
United States |
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9.
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The process of gathering information through the senses is called ____.
a. | analysis | c. | hypothesis | b. | observation | d. | inference |
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10.
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A rule or principle that describes what happens in nature is a ____.
a. | hypothesis | c. | scientific law | b. | problem | d. | theory |
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11.
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An explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and
experiments is a ____.
a. | hypothesis | c. | problem | b. | scientific law | d. | theory |
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12.
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An idea, event, or object can be represented by a ____ to help people better
understand it.
a. | constant | c. | law | b. | hypothesis | d. | model |
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13.
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In an experiment to determine whether the popping of popcorn is affected by the
temperature at which it is stored, counting the popped kernels is an example of a(n) ____.
a. | conclusion | c. | hypothesis | b. | control | d. | observation |
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14.
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A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is
caused by the condition being tested is the ____.
a. | constant | c. | dependent variable | b. | control | d. | hypothesis |
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15.
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A factor in an experiment that changes from the manipulation of the independent
variable is the ____.
a. | constant | c. | dependent variable | b. | control | d. | hypothesis |
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16.
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A factor that does NOT change in an experiment is the ____.
a. | constant | c. | dependent variable | b. | control | d. | hypothesis |
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17.
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Studying the effect of one thing on another in order to test a hypothesis is
a(n) ____.
a. | exercise | c. | constant | b. | experiment | d. | problem |
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18.
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A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable
is the ____.
a. | constant | c. | control | b. | dependent variable | d. | independent
variable |
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19.
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According to the
graph above, how long does it take this car to travel 270 kilometers? a. | 6 hours | c. | 12 hours | b. | 9 hours | d. | 15 hours |
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20.
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According to the
graph, for which year was the smallest number of pennies found?
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21.
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If you ride your bicycle down a straight road for 500 m then turn around and
ride back, your distance is ____ your displacement.
a. | greater than | c. | less than | b. | equal to | d. | can’t
determine |
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22.
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Motion is a change in ____.
a. | time | c. | velocity | b. | speed | d. | position |
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23.
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The speed you read on a speedometer is ____.
a. | instantaneous speed | c. | average speed | b. | constant speed | d. | velocity |
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24.
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The relationship among speed, distance, and time is ____.
a. | t = s/d | c. | s = dt | b. | d = t/s | d. | s = d/t |
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25.
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A merry-go-round horse moves at a constant speed but at a changing ____.
a. | velocity | c. | inertia | b. | balanced force | d. | unbalanced
force |
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26.
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If you ride your bike up a hill, then ride down the other side, your
acceleration is ____.
a. | all positive | c. | first positive, then negative | b. | all
negative | d. | first negative,
then positive |
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27.
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A horizontal line on a velocity/time graph shows ____ acceleration.
a. | positive | c. | changing | b. | negative | d. | zero |
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28.
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Inertia varies depending on ____.
a. | force | c. | velocity | b. | mass | d. | motion |
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29.
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Newton's first law of motion is also called the law of ____.
a. | mass | c. | force | b. | inertia | d. | constant
velocity |
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30.
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The upward force on an object falling through the air is ____.
a. | air resistance | c. | momentum | b. | inertia | d. | terminal
velocity |
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31.
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The relationship among mass, force, and acceleration is explained by
____.
a. | conservation of momentum | c. | Newton's second law of
motion | b. | Newton's first law of motion | d. | Newton's third law of
motion |
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32.
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A feather will fall through the air more slowly than a brick because of
____.
a. | air resistance | c. | inertia | b. | gravity | d. | momentum |
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33.
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In the absence of air, a penny and a feather that are dropped from the same
height at the same time will ____.
a. | fall at different rates | c. | float | b. | fall at the same
rate | d. | not have
momentum |
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34.
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The acceleration due to gravity is ____.
a. | 98 m/s2 | c. | 9.8 m/s | b. | 9.8 m/s2 | d. | 0.98 m/s |
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35.
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According to Newton's second law of motion, ____.
a. | F = m ´ a | c. | F = p
´ a | b. | F = m ´
v | d. | F =
p ´ v |
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36.
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When an object moves in a circular path, it accelerates toward the center of the
circle as a result of ____.
a. | centripetal force | c. | gravitational force | b. | frictional force | d. | momentum |
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37.
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The path of a projectile is ____.
a. | curved | c. | always vertical | b. | always horizontal | d. | straight |
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38.
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For any object, the greater the force that's applied to it, the greater its
____ will be.
a. | acceleration | c. | inertia | b. | gravity | d. | velocity |
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39.
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The size of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their
____.
a. | frictional forces | b. | inertia | c. | masses and the
distance between them | d. | speed and
direction |
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40.
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As you get farther from the center of Earth, your weight will ____.
a. | decrease | c. | remain the same | b. | increase | d. | can't tell from information
given |
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41.
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When a force is exerted on a box, an equal and opposite force is exerted by the
box. These forces are called ____ forces.
a. | action-reaction | c. | frictional | b. | centripetal | d. | gravitational |
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42.
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The statement "to every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction" is ____.
a. | the law of conservation of momentum | b. | Newton's first law of
motion | c. | Newton's second law of motion | d. | Newton's third law of
motion |
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43.
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An object that is in free fall seems to be ____.
a. | not moving | c. | speeded up by air resistance | b. | slowed by air
resistance | d. | weightless |
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 Figure
3-1
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44.
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A ball attached to a string is being swung in a clockwise circular path as shown
in Figure 3-1. Assume the string breaks at point A. In which direction will the ball be traveling an
instant later?
a. | direction a | c. | direction c | b. | direction b | d. | direction d |
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45.
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A ball attached to a string is being swung in a clockwise circular path as shown
in Figure 3-1. In which direction will the acceleration on the ball be when the ball passes point
A?
a. | direction a | c. | direction c | b. | direction b | d. | direction d |
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46.
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The kinetic energy of an object increases as its ____ increases.
a. | gravitational energy | c. | specific heat | b. | potential energy | d. | velocity |
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47.
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Increasing the speed of an object ____ its potential energy.
a. | does not affect | c. | decreases | b. | increases | d. | changes |
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48.
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The SI unit for energy is the ____.
a. | calorie | c. | meter per second | b. | joule | d. | kilogram |
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49.
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Which of the following devices does not make use of electrical energy?
a. | upright piano | c. | toaster | b. | radio | d. | digital camera |
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50.
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A bus engine transfers chemical potential energy into ____ so that the bus
moves.
a. | thermal energy | c. | electrical energy | b. | gravitational potential
energy | d. | kinetic
energy |
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51.
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In a nuclear fusion reaction, mass is transformed into ____.
a. | matter | c. | energy | b. | nuclei | d. | light |
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52.
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According to the law of conservation of energy, the total amount of energy in
the universe ____.
a. | remains constant | c. | increases | b. | changes constantly | d. | decreases |
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 Figure
5-1
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53.
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The fixed pulley shown in Figure 5-1 does which one of the following?
a. | doubles the force required to lift the block | b. | decrease the force
required to lift the block | c. | makes the block easier to lift by changing the
direction of the force needed to lift it | d. | decreases the force required and changes the
direction of the force required |
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54.
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A slanted surface used to raise an object is a(n) ____.
a. | efficiency board | c. | inclined plane | b. | effort ramp | d. | screw |
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55.
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The rate at which work is done is called ____.
a. | efficiency | c. | force | b. | effort time | d. | power |
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56.
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A winding mountain road is an example of a(n) ____.
a. | block and tackle | c. | inclined plane | b. | lever | d. | wheel and axle |
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57.
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The unit of power is the ____.
a. | joule | c. | m/s | b. | watt | d. | second |
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58.
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An arrangement of pulleys designed to reduce the effort force is called a
____.
a. | block and tackle | c. | movable pulley | b. | fixed pulley | d. | simple pulley |
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59.
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A material that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and
radiation is ____.
a. | a conductor | c. | an insulator | b. | condensation | d. | a solar
collector |
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60.
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All of the following are good conductors of heat EXCEPT ____.
a. | air | c. | copper | b. | aluminum | d. | silver |
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61.
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The transfer of energy that does NOT require matter is ____.
a. | combustion | c. | conduction | b. | radiation | d. | convection |
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62.
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Energy from the Sun travels to Earth as ____.
a. | chemical energy | c. | radiant energy | b. | combustion | d. | mechanical
energy |
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63.
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The inside surface of the glass inside a vacuum bottle is coated with aluminum
to prevent heat loss by ____.
a. | combustion | c. | conduction | b. | radiation | d. | convection |
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64.
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Solar collectors are parts of a(n) ____.
a. | active solar heating system | c. | radiant heating
system | b. | external combustion engine | d. | passive solar heating system |
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65.
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Refrigerators and air conditioners are examples of ____.
a. | heat engines | c. | heat pumps | b. | heat movers | d. | solar
collectors |
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66.
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The process by which engine fuels burn is called ____.
a. | combustion | c. | conduction | b. | condensation | d. | convection |
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67.
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Gasoline engines and diesel engines are ____.
a. | insulators | c. | internal combustion engines | b. | external combustion
engines | d. | heat
movers |
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68.
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A device that heats your home by removing thermal energy from one location and
transferring it to another location at a different temperature is a(n) ____.
a. | conductor | c. | heat engine | b. | internal combustion engine | d. | heat mover |
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69.
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A device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy is a ____.
a. | conductor | c. | heat engine | b. | refrigerator | d. | heat mover |
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70.
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Through which of the following will convection most likely occur?
a. | liquids and gases | c. | solids | b. | solids and liquids | d. | solids and
gases |
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71.
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Which of the following would be the best insulator?
a. | air | c. | copper | b. | aluminum | d. | silver |
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72.
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of strokes in a four-stroke
engine?
a. | compression, intake, exhaust, power | b. | intake, compression, power,
exhaust | c. | intake, exhaust, power, compression | d. | intake, power, compression,
exhaust |
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73.
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Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are the three kinds of ____.
a. | fossil fuels | c. | nuclear waste | b. | nuclear fuels | d. | synthetic fuels |
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74.
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The type of fossil fuel that forms from the remains of fernlike plants is
____.
a. | coal | c. | natural gas | b. | crude oil | d. | uranium |
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75.
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Petroleum is separated into different compounds through ____.
a. | fossilization | c. | nuclear fission | b. | fractional distillation | d. | nuclear fusion |
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76.
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Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable source of energy?
a. | coal | c. | water | b. | the Sun | d. | wind |
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77.
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A passenger in the rear seat of a car moving at a steady speed is at rest
relative to
a. | the side of the road. | c. | the front seat of the car. | b. | a pedestrian on the
corner ahead. | d. | the wheels of
the car. |
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78.
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A person walks 1 mile every day for exercise, leaving her front porch at 9:00
am. and returning to her front porch at 9:25 am. What is the total displacement of her daily
walk?
a. | 1 mile | c. | 25 minutes | b. | 0 | d. | none of the
above |
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79.
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A ball is rolled uphill a distance of 5 meters before it slows, stops, and
begins to roll back. The ball rolls downhill 9 meters before coming to rest against a tree. What is
the magnitude of the ball’s displacement?
a. | 4 meters | c. | 14 meters | b. | 9 meters | d. | 45 meters |
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80.
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Displacement vectors of 4 km south, 2 km north, 5 km south, and 5 km north
combine to a total displacement of
a. | 16 km north | c. | 6 km south | b. | 11 km west | d. | 2 km south |
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81.
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An object that is accelerating may be
a. | slowing down. | c. | changing direction. | b. | gaining speed. | d. | all of the
above |
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82.
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The forces acting on a falling leaf are
a. | air resistance and fluid friction. | c. | gravity and static
friction. | b. | gravity and air resistance. | d. | weight and rolling friction. |
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Figure 12-1
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83.
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Figure 12-1 shows the motion of three balls. The curved paths followed by balls
B and C are examples of
a. | centripetal motion. | c. | linear motion. | b. | constant motion. | d. | projectile
motion. |
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84.
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Work is a transfer of
a. | energy. | c. | mass. | b. | force. | d. | motion. |
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85.
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The energy of motion is called
a. | kinetic energy. | c. | thermal energy. | b. | potential energy. | d. | work. |
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86.
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Which of the following is an example of an object with elastic potential
energy?
a. | a wind-up toy that has been wound up | b. | a compressed basketball | c. | a stretched rubber
band | d. | all of the above |
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87.
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Which of the following increases when an object becomes warmer?
a. | chemical energy | b. | elastic potential energy | c. | nuclear
energy | d. | thermal energy |
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88.
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The energy stored in gasoline is
a. | chemical energy. | c. | mechanical energy. | b. | electromagnetic energy. | d. | nuclear energy. |
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89.
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Walking converts what type of energy into mechanical energy?
a. | chemical | c. | nuclear | b. | electromagnetic | d. | thermal |
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90.
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Which of the following statements is true according to the law of conservation
of energy?
a. | Energy cannot be created. | b. | Energy cannot be destroyed. | c. | Energy can be
converted from one form to another. | d. | all of the
above |
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91.
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The mechanical energy of an object equals its
a. | chemical energy plus its nuclear energy. | b. | kinetic energy plus
its potential energy. | c. | nuclear energy. | d. | thermal
energy. |
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92.
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What property of an object is related to the average kinetic energy of the
particles in that object?
a. | specific heat | c. | conductivity | b. | mass | d. | temperature |
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93.
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As the temperature of an object rises, so does the
a. | kinetic energy of the object. | b. | mass of the object. | c. | thermal energy of
the object. | d. | potential energy of the object. |
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94.
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Energy from the sun reaches Earth mostly by
a. | conduction. | c. | radiation. | b. | convection. | d. | thermal
expansion. |
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95.
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Matter is needed to transfer thermal energy by
a. | conduction. | c. | radiation. | b. | convection. | d. | both a and b |
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96.
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Which of the following materials conducts heat well?
a. | glass | c. | metal | b. | plastic | d. | wood |
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97.
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The second law of thermodynamics states that thermal energy can flow from colder
objects to hotter objects
a. | by convection. | c. | spontaneously. | b. | only if work is done on the
system. | d. | when thermal
expansion takes place. |
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98.
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In most four-stroke internal combustion engines, when does the piston move
downward?
a. | during the compression stroke only | b. | during the compression and exhaust
strokes | c. | during the intake and exhaust strokes | d. | during the power and intake
strokes |
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99.
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Which central heating system involves a furnace and a blower?
a. | electric baseboard | c. | hot-water | b. | forced-air | d. | steam |
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100.
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A fluid that vaporizes and condenses inside the tubing of a heat pump is called
the
a. | compressor. | c. | refrigerant. | b. | fuel. | d. | condenser. |
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