bio4162:  human anatomy & physiology 2
exam 1 question sampler

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1.	Which of the following forms part of the boundary of the thoracic inlet?
	a.	rib 1
	b.	body of sternum
	c.	body of vertebra T12
	d.	clavicle
	e.	all are part of the boundary
2.	The diaphragm, separating the thorax from the abdomen, is composed only of muscle.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
3.	Which of the following would be found at the level of the sternal angle [of Louis]?
	a.	costal cartilage 3
	b.	intervertebral disk T4/T5
	c.	the xiphisternal articulation
	d.	all of these
	e.	none of these
4.	The aorta passes through the diaphragm at the level of vertebra
	a.	T4
	b.	T8
	c.	T10
	d.	T12
	e.	none of these.
5.	The trachea lies in the .......... mediastinum.
	a.	superior
	b.	anterior
	c.	middle
	d.	posterior
6.	The lining of the pleural cavity is the ..........pleura.
	a.	epicardial
	b.	parietal
	c.	endopleural
	d.	visceral
7.	The fibrous pericardium prevents transient over distension of the heart, but it can stretch with time to accommodate chronic heart enlargement due to a disease state such as congestive heart failure.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
8.	The region on the mediastinal surface of the pleural cavity where the parietal pleura bends onto the visceral surface is called the
	a.	reflection of the pleura
	b.	hilus
	c.	cardiac notch
9.	The principal organ in the anterior mediastinum is the
	a.	heart
	b.	descending aorta
	c.	thymus
	d.	spleen
10.	Which of these is not a component of the thorax, as we defined it?
	a.	the intercostal spaces
	b.	body of the sternum
	c.	the posterior mediastinum
	d.	pectoralis major m
11.	How many lobes does the right lung have in the human?
	a.	one
	b.	two
	c.	three
	d.	four
	e.	more
12.	Which of these is not a function of the nasal cavity?
	a.	olfaction
	b.	phonation
	c.	speech
	d.	humidification of the inspired air
13.	Tonsils are found in the
	a.	nasopharynx
	b.	vestibule of the nasal cavity
	c.	trachea
	d.	alveolar lining
14.	The “visceral pericardium”—the epicardium—is composed of two layers.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
15.	A sensory neuron with its cell body in the dorsal root ganglion of a spinal nerve belongs to the class of neurons known as .......... neurons.
	a.	bipolar
	b.	pseudounipolar
	c.	multipolar
16.	The outermost meninx is the
	a.	dura mater
	b.	arachnoid
	c.	pia mater
17.	Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the arachnoid granulations in the superior sagittal sinus.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
18.	The forebrain originally developed to accommodate which special sense?
	a.	olfaction
	b.	vision
	c.	equilibrium
19.	Which part of the brain deals with the coordination of motor function?
	a.	cerebral hemispheres
	b.	thalamus
	c.	cerebellum
	d.	reticular formation
20.	The connecting channel between the third and fourth ventricles is the
	a.	foramen of Magendie
	b.	sinus of Valsalva
	c.	cerebral aqueduct
	d.	hypophyseal infundibulum
21.	How many “lobes” are there to each cerebral hemisphere?
	a.	two
	b.	three
	c.	four
	d.	five
22.	Before visual and auditory signals are relayed to the cerebral cortex, they pass through the
	a.	mesencephalon
	b.	reticular formation
	c.	spinal cord nuclei
	d.	cerebellum
23.	Visual input is rendered into meaningful images in the .......... lobe of the cerebrum.
	a.	frontal
	b.	temporal
	c.	parietal
	d.	occipital
24.	Which of these is not a part of the circle of Willis?
	a.	anterior cerebral a
	b.	posterior cerebral a
	c.	anterior communicating a
	d.	basilar a
25.	Almost all sensory input to the brain is processed in the thalamus before it is [or isn’t] relayed to the cerebrum.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
26.	The ridges on the cerebral hemispheres are called the
	a.	gyri
	b.	folia
	c.	sulci
27.	Blood supply to the brain is via the
	a.	internal carotid aa
	b.	vertebral aa
	c.	both of these
28.	The lateral sulcus—the Sylvian fissure—separates the temporal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere from the occipital lobe.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
29.	The basal ganglia are found in the
	a.	dorsal root of a spinal nerve
	b.	cerebellum
	c.	cerebrum
	d.	paravertebral chain
30.	Which of these is not a component of the autonomic nervous system?
	a.	vagus n
	b.	cervical spinal nerves
	c.	intrinsic plexus of the gut tube
	d.	cranial nerves
31.	Cerebellar lesions usually result in paralysis.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
32.	The interpretation of auditory signals is performed principally in the cerebral
	a.	frontal lobe
	b.	temporal lobe
	c.	occipital lobe
	d.	insula
33.	Tracts of fibers connecting parts of one cerebral hemisphere with corresponding parts on the opposite cerebral hemisphere are called .......... tracts.
	a.	association
	b.	commissural
	c.	projection
34.	Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted into the ventricular system of the CNS using the
	a.	arachnoid granulations
	b.	choroid plexuses
	c.	foramen of Luschka
35.	What fold of meningeal dura separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum and houses the transverse and superior petrosal sinus?
	a.	falx cerebri
	b.	tentorium cerebelli
	c.	falx cerebelli
	d.	diaphragma sellae
36.	Which of these is a special sense?
	a.	proprioception
	b.	olfaction
	c.	temperature
	d.	tactile vibration
37.	Blocking the release of which of these neurotransmitters in pain transmission leads to analgesia?
	a.	acetylcholine
	b.	substance P
	c.	norepinephrine
	d.	dopamine
38.	Is our perception of realty “real?” In other words, does it encompass the entire spectrum of possible perceptions?
	Answer a if yes, b if no.
39.	Under normal circumstances, to which of these normal-level stimuli would the photoreceptors in the human retina respond?
	a.	changes in vitreous humor pH
	b.	photons of light
	c.	changes in intraocular pressure
	d.	UV radiation
	e.	b and d
40.	What substance released from damaged tissue sensitizes the nociceptor free nerve endings?
	a.	tissue plasminogen activator
	b.	histamine
	c.	prostaglandins
	d.	adenosine
41.	Nicotinic receptors would not be found where?
	a.	postsynaptic membranes of postganglionic parasympathetics
	b.	postsynaptic membranes at parasympathetic neuroeffector junctions
	c.	postsynaptic membranes at α-adrenergic neuroeffector junctions
	d.	both b and c
42.	End-plate potentials (EPPs) are
	a.	larger than EPSPs
	b.	smaller than EPSPs
	c.	of the same magnitude as EPSPs
43.	Which of these poisons irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE)?
	a.	black widow spider venom
	b.	botulinum toxin
	c.	curare
	d.	organophosphates
44.	Which of these autonomic activities is controlled at the level of spinal reflexes?
	a.	blushing
	b.	increased cardiac output
	c.	decreased gut peristalsis
	d.	erection
45.	The two divisions of the ANS generally
	a.	have complementary effects
	b.	do not interact
	c.	have similar effects
	d.	have opposite effects
46.	Autonomic tone allows autonomic neurons to
	a.	increase their activity
	b.	decrease their activity
	c.	both increase and decrease their activity
	d.	none of the above
47.	Preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division secrete
	a.	norepinephrine and acetylcholine
	b.	acetylcholine
	c.	cyclic AMP
	d.	nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide
48.	The mapping of the somatic sensory field to the postcentral gyrus is
	a.	ipsilateral and right-side up
	b.	ipsilateral and up-side down
	c.	contralateral and up-side down
	d.	contralateral and right-side up
49.	Postganglionic sympathetic neurons secrete
	a.	acetylcholine
	b.	norepinephrine and acetylcholine
	c.	aflatoxin
	d.	carbon monoxide
50.	Ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division are located in the
	a.	adrenal medulla [as the epinephrine and norepinephrine secreting cells]
	b.	prevertebral ganglia
	c.	sympathetic chain ganglia
	d.	all of the above
51.	The prevertebral (collateral) ganglia of the ANS include the
	a.	vestibulocochlear, trochlear, and lacrimal
	b.	mandibular, maxillary, and ophthalmic
	c.	celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric
52.	What is the commonest neurotransmitter used to excite the muscle fiber?
	a.	dopamine
	b.	GABA
	c.	acetylcholine
	d.	norepinephrine
53.	Where does the nerve innervating the skeletal muscle fiber have its terminus?
	a.	closest to the origin of the muscle
	b.	in the middle of the fiber
	c.	closest to the insertion of the muscle
	d.	wherever seemed best at the time
54.	The premotor cortex of the cerebral hemispheres stores engrams of motor activity, allowing you to perform skilled actions without having to call sequentially each motor output and then process its proprioceptive return before initiating the next step.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
55.	Wernicke’s area is an extremely important general interpretative area of the cerebrum. If there is severe damage to this area, a person might hear perfectly well and even recognize different words, but would probably be unable to arrange these words into a coherent thought.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
56.	The inability to recognize faces is
	a.	presbyopia
	b.	dyslexia
	c.	dysbarism
	d.	prosophenosia
57.	Which of these functions occurs in the prefrontal areas?
	a.	visual image formation
	b.	speech recognition
	c.	tactile discrimination
	d.	controlling one\rquote s actions in accord with moral laws
58.	Prolongation of depolarization at a synapse is an example of
	a.	facilitation
	b.	anomia
	c.	motor aphasia
	d.	dyslexia
59.	The inability to localize a sensation to its precise place on the body could be caused by a lesion in the primary somatic sensory area [post-central gyrus].
	Answer a if true, b if false.
60.	The parasympathetic division is also called
	a.	lumbosacral
	b.	craniosacral
	c.	thoracolumbar
	d.	thoracosacral
61.	The motor control of vocalization resides principally in
	a.	Broca’s area
	b.	Wernicke’s area
	c.	the hippocampus
	d.	the thalamus
62.	Equilibrium sensory input is not restricted to the various proprioceptors, but includes visual signals as well.
	Answer a if true, b if false.
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