pathogens
bacteria
virulence
viruses
host cell
cancer cells
“clean-up”
skin
epidermis
keratinocytes
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Granstein cells
dermis
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
saliva
mucosal modifications
mucous
alveolar macrophages
white blood cells (leukocytes)
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils vs. mast cells
monocytes
lymphocytes
B cells
T cells
NK cells
properties
diapedesis
ameboid motion
chemotaxis
margination
phagocytosis
enzymatic digestion
peroxisomes
reticuloendothelial system
inflammation
defense by resident tissue macrophages
localized vasodilatation
increased capillary permeability
localized edema
walling-off of inflamed area
tissue thromboplastin
emigration of leukocytes
leukocyte proliferation
leukocytic destruction of bacteria
opsonization
pus
phagocyte-secreted chemical mediation
direct action
NO (nitric oxide)
lactoferrin
release of histamine
triggering of clotting/anticlotting mechanisms
formation of active kinins from kininogens
kallikrein
endogenous pyrogen (EP)
secretion of leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM)
reduction of plasma iron concentration
promotion of granulopoiesis
acute-phase proteins
interleukin 1 (IL-1)
proliferation and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes
tissue repair
scar tissue in nonregenerative tissues
salicylates and glucocorticoids
interferon
promotes formation of viral-blocking enzymes
NK cells
Ag-Ab complex activates C1
opsonization and phagocytosis [C3b]
lysis [C5b6789]
membrane-attack complex (MAC) 3
agglutination
viral neutralization
chemotaxis [C5a]
basophil/mast cell activation [C3a, C4a, C5a]
inflammatory effects
large polysaccharides react with factors B and D
formation of activation product that activates C3
humoral immunity
cell-mediated immunity
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