Physiology of Cardiac Muscle

Structure of cardiac muscle

composed of uninucleate cylinders

diameter of 10–20 µm and lengths of 50–100 µm

joined together at intercalalted discs

tight junctions

gap junctions

cross-striated

cells are branched

Innervation

no neuromuscular junctions

action potentials generated within the heart

transmitted from cell to cell through the gap junctions

motor neurons of autonomic modulate intrinsic rate and strength of contraction

Contraction

time to peak contraction about 150 ms

mechanism essentially the same as in skeletal

T-tubules invaginate at level of Z-line

sarcoplasmic reticulum relatively poorly developed

prolongation of the action potential (about 200 msec)

very dependent on cellular respiration for ATP synthesis

refractory period longer than contraction cycle

cardiac tetanus is impossible




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