Ammonia is essentially the Hydride of Nitrogen, an extremely noxious and quite poisonous gas, but which very quickly dissipates into relatively harmless and biodegradable Nitrates.

Ammonia easily liquifies, and is often transported in the pressurized and liquid state. It is widely used in Refrigeration applications, and well as a Plant Fertilizer. Anhydrous Ammonia, however, is extremely Hydroscopic, and will Hydrate very quickly indeed, upon exposure to any Water.

Ammonia is also a Secondary Plant Nutrient, supplying the primary Organic Element Nitrogen, usually in the form of Nitrate.

Ammonia, as Ammonium, NH₄⁺, is readily oxidized into Nitrate, NO₃^-, by the Beneficial Soil Bacteria contained in Compost. Plants prefer Nitrate to Ammonium by a factor of 100 to 1, however. Ammonia without Bacteria is ridiculous.

Nitrogen is a primary component of amino acids and proteins incorporated into Living Systems, and is provided in the form of Nitrates, and to a much lesser extent, by Ammonia, both of which also are widely exploited by total idiots, as the inevitable result of Hydrocarbon Combustion, herbicides, pesticides, explosives, landmines, bullets, bombs, and the inevitable resulting War, Death and Extinction.

Ammonia and Ammonium Nitrate Combustion, are also widely exploited by total idiots, and the inevitable results are Environmental Pollution, Ecological Degradation, Global Warming, Global Sea Level Rise, and the inevitable use of herbicides, pesticides, explosives, landmines, bullets, bombs, and the inevitable resulting War, Death and Extinction.

Molecular Nitrogen is remarkably stable, and converting it to Ammonia, and then subsequently Oxidizing it to Nitrate, may be accomplished catalytically via the Haber Process, or Electrolytically via processes involving new and innovative Protonic conductors.

Nitrogen sits at the opposite extreme of the Group V column. Whereas Bismuth is clearly a metal, Nitrogen is clearly an insulator, and also forms a unique Hydride, Ammonia, NH₃. Theoretical relationships have been found between metal Ammonia solutions and Bismuth (I) Iodide solutions, and a Boson - Fermion Model of the Metal - Insulator Transition has since been developed.

Alkali metals have the unique property of being soluble in Ammonia solutions, however, which display interesting and dramatic Metal - Insulator Transitions, which offer many, but as yet undeveloped, technological applications, including High Temperature Superconductivity. While alkali metals themselves are not superconducting, expanded and intercalated alkali metals very often do display superconducting properties.

Oxygenated alkali metal Ammonia solutions, and Oxygen and Iodine doped Hydrocarbon polymers are also known to be highly unusual High Current conductors.

Alkali Halide salts also have the unusual property of forming Optically Active Color Centers (f-centers, defects states, etc.), when doped with excess ions or defects.

Bismuth sits at the opposite extreme of the Group V column. Whereas Nitrogen is clearly an insulator, Bismuth is clearly a metal, and also forms a unique Bismuthine, BiH₃. Theoretical relationships have been found between metal Ammonia solutions and Bismuth (I) Iodide solutions, and a Boson - Fermion Model of the Metal - Insulator Transition has since been developed.

It has recently been deduced, that self doped, Octahedrally coordinated, Bismuth (I) Iodide complexes would be metallic, and thus possibly superconducting, demonstrating the Electronic Bose-Einstein Condensation of Bipolarons, i.e. - Bipolaronic Superconductivity.

The calculated low lying Electronic states of the Bismuth (I) Iodide molecule, compared with the Optical and Near Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Bismuth (I) Iodide molecule, reveals that there are indeed two bound singlet excited states, at 2.9 eV and 3.1 eV, the 0⁺(III) and 0⁺(IV) states, respectively, which actually do span the enthalpy of dissociation of Water, at 2.97 eV, and even more remarkably, the equilibrium bond lengths of these two states are 2.9 Å and 3.1 Å, respectively. This opens up the possibility of Phonon driven transitions between these two Electronic states, to mediate, and then ultimately stabilize, the condensed and superconducting Bismuth (I) Iodide state.

Table 5. The computed Spectroscopic properties of BiI (the excitation energy, T_e, the equilibrium bond length, r_e, and the vibrational frequency, w_e) together with corresponding experimental data.