Unusual Human Powered Vehicles
This page is for HPV homebuilders, inventers and dreamers. It contains links to all sorts of unusual human powered vehicles. Among many impractical schemes, you’ll find some commercially successful ventures and (hopefully) inspiration for future projects. Pictures of some of the most unusual are available on a companion site. [Last revised 9/9/05 … inputs are welcome.]
HPV Sites HPV Patents Patent Offices
[ This page can be searched using your browser’s Edit/Find function. ]
Human Powered Vehicle Sites …
[ General HPV Sites ] [ Rowing ] [ Land ] [ Water ]
[ Winter ] [ Flying ] [ Underwater ]
- - General HPV Sites - -
Other Reference Sites …
· IHPVA [International Human Powered Vehicle Association] … especially the Source Guide.
· Kathy Bilton's BentFolk … links to pages of hundreds of HPVers.
· Legs Larry … Dave Larrington’s site with lots of HPV info and links.
· Sheldon Brown's superb on-line bike resource.
· Tim & Alley Smith's sites … especially Cycle Design & Construction.
· BentRider Online … a complete recumbent webzine.
· The WISIL HPVers … Warren Beauchamp’s fine recumbent site.
· Wind & Water … many innovative recreational ideas and designs - Hanno Smits.
· BikeRod & Kustom … webzine devoted to custom bicycles and bikes as an art form.
· Chris Broome's site … with info and links for all types of HPVs.
· Recumbent Trikes … Mike Deegan’s nice trike and quad site - pictures and links.
· Bike Forest … Canadian site promoting all types of HPV transportation.
· "Ideal Human Powered Vehicles" … Sylvain Cazaubon’s clever and extensive HPV site ... with patents.
Specialized Compilations …
· Land Rowers … rowed bikes, trikes and quads [33] (Revised 4/16/05)
· Tilting and Lean Steer Trikes [22] (Revised 3/3/05)
· Rear Wheel Steered Bikes and Trikes [18]
· Tandems … unusual scooters, bikes, trikes and quads [26] (Revised 8/28/04)
· Multi-person HPVs … for 3 to 32 people [18] (1/25/05)
· Walking Machines [8]
· Winter Vehicles [10]
· Convertible Bikes ... recumbent to upright, etc [8]
· Prone Bikes and Trikes [15]
· Folding Bikes and Trikes [15]
· Human Powered Boats [26]
· "Extreme" Unicycles, Bikes and Trikes [25] (Revised 9/3/04)
· Misc. HPVs ("none of the above") [29]
· Wacky HPV Patents … all sorts of really unusual ideas [21]
· Velomobiles … Ethan Davis’ site devoted to enclosed HPVs.
· Vintage Velomobiles … interesting collection (not in English). (8/3/04)
· Rowing Bikes of the World … a French site devoted to rowed bikes.
· Rear Wheel Steered HPVs … Erik Wannee’s page devoted to RWS bikes and trikes.
· Tilting Trikes … Max Hall’s great compilation.
· Four Wheelers (links) … Randy Swart’s compilation of quad (and trike) links.
· Quadcycles … a site devoted to “4 wheel bikes”.
· Kenguru … a site devoted to accelerated walking machines.
· Unique Unicycles … many … including the tallest, a tandem and one with the largest wheel.
· Folding Bicycle Information … Steven Scharf’s compilation of available folders.
· RadLast … Stephan Thonett’s pedaled Cargo and Courier Service vehicles.
· Kid's Recumbents … Mark Stonich’s compilation of bents for children.
· Singular Cycles …wooden “works of art” from Claudius de Cap Blanc.
· Aquatic Velocipedes ... interesting and novel HPBs from the late 1800s.
· Human Powered Boats … Ron Drynan’s extensive site - contemporary HPBs.
· World of Waterbiking … many unusual HPBs (check out “Design topics”, “Teams&Boats”)
· Bicycle Design Competition … many very interesting designs (see “Entry” and “Prototypes”)
· Tallbike.net … a site devoted to Tall-Bikes and other 2 wheel creations.
Homebuilt Collections …
· Unusual Homebuilts … dozens from Ross Harrop (check out pics on page 1, 2, and 3* ) (*8/16/04)
· (?) More Unusual Homebuilts, (2), (3) … photos of many unique bikes and trikes.
· Unusual Home Built HPVs … (includes an HPB, a triple tandem and an ice-trike)
· Homebuilt HPVs - Steve Robson
· Joe Kochanowski's Homebuilt Bikes (includes a semi-linear drive and a 2 position upright/recumbent)
· Fast Fwd … Bram Smit’s HPVs include a divisible FWD lo-racer, RWS and center steered trikes for kids.
· Hezi Ismach's HPVs … a FWD “Scooter”, a Prone Bike, and a Mountain Recumbent.
· Para-Chunkular Constructions … several far-out homebuilts (includes a dragster and pedaled piano).
· Atomic Zombie … Brad Graham’s site of extreme bicycle creations … check out his SkyWalker and Camper Bike*. (1/3/05)
· Microship … Steve Robert’s on going travels in an amphibious pedal/solar/sail micro-trimaran.
· XnTRICK … John Jermy’s collection of mostly homebuilt “Silly Bikes”.
· Paper HPV Competition … Eastern Washington University’s annual engineering contest.
· ChicagoFreakBike … human powered creativity from Chicago.
Land Rowers …
· Rowbike … sliding seat bikes developed by Scott Olson.
· Thys 222 Rowingbike… fixed seat bikes - the fastest available? [picture of Derk’s 1994 PBP winner]
· Modified Thys Rowing Bike, (2) … Warren Berger’s clever modification (bottom of page).
· RowVelo (picture #28) … nice looking LWB, fixed seat prototype from Warren Berger.
· Aviroute … an innovative French sliding seat rowing bike.
· Landrower … Sam Bennett’s lean steer rowed trike with sliding seat.
· Ice Rower … Roger Gilmore’s fixed seat ice rowing concept [Animated Illustration].
· Frank Bokhorst's experimental rowing trike.
· Rowed Quad (picture) … a nice looking sliding seat quad.
· Power Pumper … a molded fixed seat quad for kids.
· Row Across Canada … Kevin Thomson’s ambitious team project.
· Homebuilt Rowed Trike (picture) … Sean Costin’s sliding seat tadpole trike (top of page)
· Ocelot (picture) … Doug Young’s SWB multi-mode row bike (see #22).
· Row Cycle (pictures), (2)… sliding seat, or arm rowed delta trike (see #23).
· Curry Landskiffs … several sliding seat rowed HPVs from the 1920s.
· Old Rowed Trike (picture) … an early sliding seat rowing trike by George W Lee.
· Row-K … Bjorn Koehler’s sliding seat delta trike.
· ScullTrek … interesting Slovak rowing bike with fixed handle bar and sliding seat.
· ScadBike … fixed seat SWB with horizontal treadles and linked handle bar.
· Pirog (picture) … a portable, arm powered land rower.
· Armbike … Jonny Borg’s arm rowed FWD trikes, bikes and scooters.
· French Rowingbike (picture) … a fixed seat design.
· Round Rower … Uli Siegl’s fixed seat SWB bike.
· Ruderrenner (picture), (2) … 4 place rowed quad, with coxswain.
· Rowcycle (pictures)… rowed delta trike (also see 2.jpg through 5.jpg)
· VogaBike … nice looking sliding seat tadpole trike.
· VogaBike 2 … fixed seat row bike prototype with independent arm/leg capability.
· Road Rower … Nick Bailey’s sliding seat tadpole trike … foot steered.
· Irish Mail Car (diagram) … Roy Wilson’s design (a fixed seat, foot steered, arm rowed quad).
· Buckboard Irish Mail… kit and plans for a nice looking wooden Irish Mail.
· Champiot Ultra … an arm rowed, foot steered exercise quad.
· Fraser RoBike … a fixed seat rowing-bike developed by Bill Fraser. (8/8/04)
· Tandem Land Rower (picture) … Nol Twigt’s interesting fixed seat tandem.
· Long Distance Land Rowing…Ashrita Furman's distance records.
· Irish Mails … a compilation of Irish Mails and land rowers for children.
· Rowing Bikes of the World … a French site devoted to rowed bikes.
Boat Rowers …
· Front Rower … Ron Rantilla’s forward facing rowing system for boats.
· Front Facing Rowing System … from Gig Harbor Boat Works.
· ForwardFace! … several forward facing rowed HPBs from Warren Loomis.
· Virus HPBs … see the Turbo and Kataram models with fixed seat and sliding rigger.
· RoCat … interesting rowing catamaran with fixed seat and sliding rigger.
· Centipede Rowing … Stephen Goodfellow’s sequential rowing concept (for shells).
· Rowing Service (Rachael Quarrel’s great source of rowing information and news.)
· Row2K (A general rowing site with lots of information and links.)
· Unofficial History of Rowing … a humorous account of the sport’s development.
· Rowing History … an illustrated summary of over 2000 years of rowing.
Miscellaneous Rowers …
· Karura … a Japanese effort to power a flapping wing HPA by fixed seat rowing.
· Concept 2 … the most popular indoor rower.
· Fixed Seat Erg (pictures), (2) … Warren Berger’s prototype (bottom of page).
· Old Rowed Railbike (picture) … rowed railbike from 1906.
· Rowing in Space … NASA evaluating the use of a rowing machine in orbit.
· NASA Hand Car (picture) … 1991 test in shuttle’s payload bay.
· Rowed Submarine … project to replicate one of Drebbel’s HP subs (1600s).
- - Winter HPVs (Sites) - -
· Ice Rower … an idea for a fast winter HPV [Animated Illustration].
· Kick Sledding … a Nordic sport.
· CrosSled, (2) … a kick sled with passenger seat and racing version.
· Ski Skoot … a ski attachment for Razor scooters. (8/7/04)
· Alaska Sparken … retailers of kick-powered vehicles (sleds and bikes).
· Sled Hockey … arm propelled for the physically challenged.
· Snowpod, (2), (3) … an arm powered climbing snowmobile from Mobility Engineering.
· Is Cykel … an interesting ice bike in a Swedish museum.
· Ice Bike (diagram) … simple plans for converting a standard bike for use on ice.
· Ice Bike Races, (2) … MnHPVA (Mark Stonich, Dave Kraft)
· 2001 Ice HPV "Championship" … annual fun event in Minnesota.
· 2002 Ice Bike Races … photos of 2002 MnHPVA annual event.
· Icebikes … an excellent site on winter bicycling.
· Snowbike (picture and comments) … front ski with pedaled rear track
· Snowbike … by Corimba is convertible to a 21 speed Mountain Bike.
[ Also see Winter Vehicles (picture collection) ]
- - Ususual HPVs for Water (Sites) - -
· Decavitator (picture) … MIT’s record holding hydrofoil boat -1988.
· HydroPed … another HP hydrofoiler.
· Flying Fish … yet another pedaled hydrofoil HPB.
· Trampofoil … a HPB without the “B”.
· Scafo … a great looking German hydrofoil HPB.
· AQUA-formula … sort of a pedaled delta trike for water.
· PedalPro … a pedaled outboard motor.
· Walk on Water … USD’s annual W0W contest.
· Step Jet ... a water-walking product.
· Hydro Bronc … a water walking wheel.
· WaveWalk … stand-up “W Boat” (catamaran) and a Water Walker prototype.
· Waterpillar … pedaled “dicycles” for water or beach.
· Leonardo da Vinci's, (2), (3) thoughts and diagrams for walking on water.
· Dolphin Man (see “Miscellaneous”).
· Hobie Mirage … flipper powered kayaks.
· Shuttle-Bike, (2) … a mountain to water-bike converting product.
· Autocanoe … a recumbent canoe/trike for land and water … plans available.
· Wave Bike … a high performance water bike from George Tatum.
· The Cadence … a pedaled recumbent HPB from Open Water Cycling.
· Cross Trek (picture) … an air propeller driven HPB.
· Lampi Limo … an amphibious bicycle.
· Pedal Paddle … another amphibious bicycle with retractable floats.
· Easyboat … a pedaled HPB from Italy with the ultimate underwater view.
· Front Rower … Ron Rantilla’s forward facing rowing system.
· Front Facing Rowing System … from Gig Harbor Boat Works.
· ForwardFace! … a site devoted to development of forward facing HPBs.
· Virus HPBs … see the Turbo and Kataram models with fixed seat and sliding rigger.
· JetBLADE …a clever pedaled paddle wheel attachment for canoes.
· Pedal Canoe … David Butcher’s tandem pedaled canoe … recumbent positions.
· HPB Plans … naval architect Philip Thiel’s portfolio includes a pedaled canal barge and a dory.
· Ondulo … French HPB with oscillating foil propulsion … driven by linear arm/leg movements.
· Tailboat … a pedal powered HPB that “swims like a shark”. (12/1/04)
· RoCat …
interesting rowing catamaran with fixed seat and sliding rigger.
·
4
Person Paddleboat (picture) … Steve
Bales' record holding HP paddle wheel catamaran. (2/14/05)
·
W Boat … Yoav Rosen’s multi-mode paddled
catamaran. (2/22/05)
[ Also see Ron Drynan’s Human Powered Boats ]
- - Unusual HPVs for Land (Sites) - -
( Non-pedaled ) (Walkers) ( Unicycles ) ( Bikes ) ( Trikes )
( Quads ) ( Railbikes ) ( Racing ) ( Multi Person ) ( Drive Systems )
· Trikke
… a novel “skating” trike from California.
· 3CV Sports … European racing of “Trikke”
type HPVs. (3/2/05)
· Kick Scooters (compilation), Xootr, and Razor … the scooter craze.
· Kickbike and Sidewalker … scooters with a bicycle size front wheel.
· Kickstart Scooters … several models of kickbikes and scooters.
· Slida … a clever scooter/kickbike quad from New Zealand.
· Homebuilt Kickbikes … by Jim Gallant.
· Alaska Sparken … retailers of kick-powered vehicles (sleds and bikes).
· Bouncer Bike, (2) … a scooter-like HPV powered by hopping.
· Homebuilt Linear Drive Bike …Len Grimwood’s MWB recumbent.
· LIKEaBIKE … a nicely crafted wooden push bike for youngsters.
· Crosskate … “the first true All Terrain skate”.
· Surfing Scooter … folding scooter powered by “sea-saw” type treadle.
· X-Dart … folding “bi-ped” scooter with suspension - elliptically pedaled treadle drive.
· Sittler's Bike … Thomas Sittler’s clever adjustable treadle driven upright bike.
· X-Bike … interesting cross between and skateboard and a bicycle … and it folds!
· BoardRunner … a stand-up treadle powered “bike” from StepCycles. (9/17/04)
· Dog Powered Scooter … not fully human powered, but sure looks like fun.
· Spring Walker … you can put a little bounce in your step.
· Bionic Boots … Keahi Seymour’s kangaroo inspired footwear.
· PowerSkip … interesting Dutch jump amplifying footwear.
· KanGoo Jumps … Swiss jump amplifying footwear.
· PoweRiser … Korean running/jumping enhancement gear.
· BowGo … a high tech pogo-stick developed at Carnegie Mellon University. (8/7/04)
· Moon Shoes, Kickaroos and AirKicks … “Anti Gravity Boots for Active Kids”.
· Kenguru … a site devoted to accelerated walking machines.
· Bike without Wheels … Pete Beeman’s pedaled walking machine.
· The Big Ant … a pedaled tandem Kenetic Sculpture … that “walks”.
· Mechanical Spider … Joseph Klann’s interesting “Spider Bike” concept … pedaled or motorized.
· Monocycle, (2) … the rider sits inside this unicycle wheel.
· Uniracer (drawing) (see #2 – 2nd pic) … a streamlined version of the Monocycle.
· Unicycles.org and MUni (Mountain Unicycling)
· John Foss' Garage …many unusual unicycles … including 1½ and 13 wheelers.
· Unique Unicycles … many … including the tallest, a tandem and one with the largest wheel.
· Pedoped … a pedaled walking machine (on John Foss’ site)
· Unicycle.com … an online retailer with over 40 different unicycles.
· BIG AIR … a patented self-jumping bicycle.
· ? Skoot … a clever folding bicycle.
· Strida … a rustproof folding bike with belt drive.
· Phaser … a folding SWB recumbent from Human Powered Machines.
· Tiny Little Bike … Drew Devereux’s small folding bike.
· Folding Bicycle Information … Steven Scharf’s compilation of available (1996) folders.
· Folding Recumbent Design Contest … a very interesting annual event in Germany.
· Velocino … another scooter like bike.
· U-Bike (Scoot-Ped) … a folding bike/scooter … invented and marketed by Allan Goldscher.
· City Scooter … a 16” stand-up bike from MCS.
· BoardRunner … stand-up pedaled bikes from StepCycles (2 models).
· Killer Tomato … Bob Durst’s two-wheel “trike” kinetic sculpture.
· Swing Bike … with pivoting rear wheel.
· Sideways Bike, (2 - #19) … Michael Killian’s sidesaddle bike with front AND rear wheel steering.
· Ekib … John Jermy’s “backwards bike”.
· Airbike … a center steered (articulated) recumbent from Germany.
· Python … Juergen Mages’ center steered low riding recumbent.
· Snike … an articulated upright bike from Germany.
· Old RWS Bike (picture) … from 1896!
· UltraBike … a commercially available pedal and hand cranked exercise bike.
· HandBike … a well designed hand cycle from Mobility Engineering.
· Dual Mode Bike (picture) … ride either upright or recumbent.
· JoJo-Bike (picture) … a German upright/recumbent convertible
· The Redundant … George Reynolds’ 26/26 convertible bike.
· Rotobike … an Italian “no-hands” bike.
· Desert Bike … an off-road Italian bike.
· Christini AWD … an all-wheel-drive mountain bike.
· Kimbike … Young Kim’s chainless FWD bicycle.
· Chunk … chopper-like bikes.
· Coker Classic Cycles … check out the Monster Cruiser, Mini-monster and Wheelman.
· Penny Farthings … several models from Edlee Antique Bicycle Company.
· Wooden Bikes, (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) many … from bamboo to vanished veneer.
· Ype Bike … Eduardo Pinto’s wooden bike project.
· 2x4 Low Racer … nice looking wooden recumbent.
· Termite Taxis … plans for a nice looking no-weld LWB recumbent.
· World's Largest Bicycle … over 25 feet long!
· Sky Cycle II … an upright bike with a seat height of 8 feet.
· Pedal Powered Lawn Mowing … attach a reel mower to your mountain bike.
· HP Lawn Mower (picture) ... FWD with reel mower for rear wheels.
· Swiss Army Combat Bike … (for real!)
· All Terrain Bikes … militarized All/Extreme Terrain Folding Mountain Bikes.
· Bike Chameleon … Steven Nurse’s versatile prototype ... recumbent, tandem or standard.
· Homebuilt FWD Recumbent … Barnett Williams’ fully suspended, FWD, short wheelbase bent.
· Tom Traylor's FWD Recumbents … several including carbon fiber, Kevlar faired and sheet metal.
· Longbow ... Nice looking composite recumbent with suspension.
· Kreuzotter …Walter Zorn’s fully suspended carbon fiber SWB recumbent.
· LucaBike … interesting carbon fiber semi-recumbent with K-drive.
· Risigo … bike propelled by synchronized pedals and vertical seat movements.
· Seat Powered Bike (picture) … propelled by vertical seat movements.
· Wild Thing … Paul Dunham’s arm and leg powered LWB recumbent (project report).
· Arm Assist Bike … Daniel Kirshner's SWB recumbent with arm assist (see item #1).
· Road Runner … Richard Thorpe’s SWB recumbent with in-motion position adjustment.
· Aevuum … Carlos Gomez’s SWB recumbent with innovative frame suspension.
· VEB … Dan Speas’ interesting “Variable Exercise Bicycle”.
· TRB Bikes … upright bikes with multi-mode lever action (treadle) drive.
· Hand and Foot Cranked (picture) … LWB recumbent – rear wheel drive.
· 2WD Prone Bike (concept) … illustrations and discussion of Jeremy Rutman’s idea.
· Fly-Bike … Pasqualine’s “semi-prone” bike.
· "Sliding Seat" Prone … Glenn White’s interesting linear driven prone.
· Skycycle (prone) … a LWB prone bike with future plans to add wings. (8/28/04)
· Prone Cycle … a Steve Martin designed bike from New Zealand. (8/28/04)
· F'lowroller … interesting FWD, LWB low-rider recumbent bike.
· Glider
Recumbent … an interesting treadle driven LWB from Gary Hale. (8/4/04)
· Q-Bike … an interesting hi-tech “ordinary” from Taiwan .. with suspension. (3/3/05)
· "The Future Is Now" … Daniel Imhoff’s LWB low rider … from Argentina.
· Pogo Bike … with adjustable eccentric hubs for that “horseback feel” … from DK city.
· A 1500 Speed Bike … Leon Chassman’s creation (Guinness record holder).
· Rear Wheel Steered Bikes … Erik Wannee’s fine page devoted to RWSBs.
· Recumbent History … Peter Stull’s interesting “The Bicycle Man” site.
· Bicycle History … illustrated summary of bikes in Japan … 1817 thru 1965.
· Military HPV History … highlights from the Civil War to present … mostly bikes.
· Kid's Recumbents … Mark Stonich’s compilation of bents for children.
· Bentley Railbikes … Dick Bentley’s rail bike plans (and lots of related links).
· Rons Riders … rail bikes.
· Old Rowed Railbike (picture) … arm rowed railbike from 1906.
· Vintage 2-seater (picture) … James Morrison’s restored rowed rail trike (see #14).
· Rail Tricycle … organized railbike tours.
· Rail Bike (diagrams) … concept for bike riding on single rails.
· Handcars … several types of rail HPVs used in the late 1800s.
· Handcar Racing … a site devoted to racing modern handcars.
· Rail HPV - World Championship (2) … an annual Swiss event.
· Railbikes in Europe … a useful link compilation.
· DDS (German Railcar Collection) … extensive site (mostly in German) … both HP and motorized.
· Tripendo … a nice looking tilting trike with full suspension.
· Fun Cycle and Banana Peel … simple lean steered trikes from Trailmate.
· Vici and Yepp … Bram Smit’s wonderful delta trikes for kids.
· Swing Roller … a small wheel delta for kids – propelled by a laterally swinging front wheel.
· Raven … a FWD lean steer trike.
· Tilting Trikes (Max Hall’s great compilation)
· Chameleon … Bill Stites’ FWD leaning urban trike.
· Baccura Yellow … Jamie MacMenemy designed lean steered, FWD, light weight delta. (9/9/05)
· Leaning Homebuilt Trike … Thom Lester’s leaning FWD delta trike.
· Lean Steer Homebuilt … Rick Wianecki’s tadpole trike.
· APAK … leanable delta trike with independent rear suspension.
· Pilot Lean/Steer Trike … Rick Bender’s enclosed tadpole design.
· Flevobike Trike … a lean steered delta.
· S'trike … Bob Horn’s lean steered FWD delta trike - prototype.
· Avantec … upright tilting tadpole trike …in Japanese.
· Hipparion … a FWD articulated delta trike.
· Go-One … an articulated RWS faired trike.
· RWS Homebuilt Trike … Tim Smith’s RWS delta trike project.
· FWD/RWS Tadpole (homebuilt) … Dean Veale’s aluminum framed trike.
· Sidewinder … a FWD, rear wheel steered, tadpole trike.
· Culty … a German rear wheel steered delta trike.
· FWD/RWS Trike (picture) … a fast looking low racer.
· Aiolos Trilite … a folding German tadpole trike with suspension.
· Lepus Foldable Trike … a delta design from Europe.
· Coventry Rotary Tricycle (picture) … a two track trike from 1884!
· GNAT, (2) … Nick Andrew’s fully suspended, folding tadpole trike.
· Skeedaddlehopper, (2) … Darin Selby’s colorful 18 ft long balanced rickshaw.
· Pedicab … several variations of a delta utility trike from Main Street Pedicabs.
· Cartbike … how to build a no-weld utility trike.
· Tritan … a recumbent delta trike from Human Powered Machines.
· Raptor … Rich Richardson’s bolt together aluminum trike kit.
· CarCycle … Bob Stuart’s nice looking enclosed trike.
· Leitra … a fully enclosed, high quality tadpole trike from Germany.
· Aerorider … an enclosed Dutch commuting trike with electric assist.
· Cab-Bike … a fully faired recumbent tadpole trike.
· L.E. C.R.A.F.T. … Andrew Phillip’s lean steered velocar.
· ULLWBFWDRWSLSDT … Nick Coppola’s lean-steered, FWD “Lugetrike” experiment.
· Birk Butterfly … nice looking fully faired tadpole trike from Switzerland.
· Mango and Quest … Dutch velomobiles.
· Organic Engines' S.U.V. … an impressive lean steered delta utility trike.
· S 327 Trike … an interesting Russian FWD tadpole (Robert MacKinnon’s site).
· (?) LMH Low Tike … Giles Puckett’s ultra low “Lean, Mean and Hungry” tadpole.
· Schumacher-Mechanik … FWD German delta trikes … a pedaled RWS and a hand cranked FWS.
· Rear Wheel Steered Trikes … Erik Wannee’s excellent RWST page.
· Hybrid Tandem Handcycle/Cycle … trike from VARNA; stoker hand-cranks with pedaled bike forward.
· Lawn Mower - pedaled … Michael Shakespear’s Bachelor Thesis in Mechanical Engineering at MIT.
· FWD/RWS Lawn Mower (picture) … Richard Ehrlich's interesting HPV (see picture #16)
· 3WD … Three wheel drive Russian tadpole.
· Crank-it … a fully suspended “Mountain Quad”.
· Carbike … a pedaled “car”
· Foldable Muscle Car. … Frank Didik’s folding quad.
· Karbyk … a simple/fun racing quad from Italy.
· Pedal Karts … low cost trikes and quads.
· Pedal Cars … a great collection of children’s pedal cars.
· 2 Bikes = 1 Quad … interesting home built quad made from 2 kids bikes.
· Kinetic Sculpture Races … an annual event over land and water with one-of-a-kind HPVs.
· MoonCat … University of Vermont’s 4WD, treadle powered moon buggy.
· BuddyCycle … a side-by-side recumbent quad with independent drives.
· Dual Recumbent Cycle … a sociable recumbent quad from Just Two Bikes, Inc.
· Animas … Greg Fisher’s off-road sociable quad (bottom of page).
· PedalCoupe … David Sauter’s nice looking recumbent quad … commercially available.
· Four Wheelers (links) … Randy Swart’s compilation of quad (and trike) links.
· World HP Speed Challenge - 2001 … including Sam Whittingham’s record holding Varna Diablo.
· World's Fastest Bikes - 2000 … including Sam Whittingham’s previous record holder - Varna Mephisto.
· Matt Weaver's Edge Bikes … five high tech racing bikes.
· Speed 101 … Matt Weaver’s site devoted to speed biking.
· Cheetah … previous 200m record holder.
· Satequs Eivie … very interesting rearward facing faired speed-bike from Slovenia.
· Ultimate Bike … Bruce Bursford’s carbon fiber racer.
· Mini Micro Missile, (2) ... a prone recumbent for speed trials.
· Prone Racing Trike (Picture) … a RWD tadpole configuration.
· MASA Slingshot, (2) … a low racing trike from the 1970s.
· Tony's FWD Pharo Bike … a homebuilt low racer.
· FWD Low Racer … prototype from Barcroft Oregon.
· Vector … a fully faired racing trike from the 1980s.
· Recumbent Dragster (diagrams) … a flywheel assisted trike from Jim Wilson.
· Pedal Car Racing … a British site devoted to quad racing.
Multi-person HPVs …
· ConferenceBike … 7 person trike by Eric Staller for Hammacher
· Love Bike … Eric Staller’s 5 person trike for Conference Bike
· Octos (picture) … an 8 person tadpole trike.
· Human Powered Bus … from Frank Didik.
· Didik Duplicity … a 3 person scooter from Frank Didik
· Unusual Triple (picture #3) … with semi prone front rider and one crankset.
· Just Two Bikes … side-by-side recumbent tandem.
· Granny Bike … a kit for combining 2 regular bikes.
· Side by Side Trike … Workman’s delta trike with independent drives.
· da Vinci Designs … tandem bikes with Independent Coasting Drivetrain.
· Carbike … plans for combining two bikes.
· Tandette … device for making a 3-wheel tandem from 2 bikes.
· GEM (picture) … a side-by-side recumbent trike (middle of page).
· 2 Can … a sociable delta trike with independent drives.
· Sociable Recumbent Bikes (picture) … (see #5 and #6)
· Sociable Trike … by Gary Adderton.
· PPV … a sociable Pedal Powered Vehicle (quad) from the 1970s.
· ZEM … a 2-4 place pedaled Swiss quad.
· Back-to-back Tandem Bike … a nice looking design from Flevobike.
· Homebuilt Back-to-Back Tandem Bike … by Jim Gallant.
· Back-to-back tandem trike (photo) from 1885.
· SWB Kowall Tandem (picture) … recumbent with captain in front.
· Sociable
Bike (picture) … side-by-side on 2 wheels (near bottom of page)
· SidebyCycle … a commercially available sociable upright bike. (7/4/05)
· BuddyBike … another commercially
available sociable upright bike.
(7/4/05)
· ZOX Dual Drive Tandem, (2) … with independent drives for captain and stoker.
· Homebuilt Back-to-Back Recumbent … Ray Brick’s carbon fiber racer.
· Canoe-carrying Suitcase Trike … Richard Guy Briggs’ modified tandem Greenspeed Trike.
· Tandem Trailerbike (picture #23) … back-to-back SWB recumbent attachment.
· T-4-2 Tandem … a 3 wheel (in-line) recumbent from Milt Turner (mid-page).
· ViewPoint Waltz ... a partially recumbent “back-to-back” triplet.
· Six Man Bike … a one-of-a-kind built for advertising.
· Quadrant (picture) … a 4 person homebuilt bike (see picture #5).
· Runner Triple … a nice looking 3 person recumbent (bottom of page).
· "Kids First" Tandem … Jim Gallant’s triplet with dual young stokers forward and Dad aft.
· Coyote … recumbent arm and leg cranked trailer-bike.
· Pedaled Sidecar (picture #26) … a mountain bike with pedaled sidecar. (8/28/04)
· Folding tandem (picture) … Mike Sutton’s folding tandem with independent drives. (11/12/04)
· CycleMorph … an adapter to convert a standard bike to a rigid tandem … without tools. (11/14/04)
· Tri-tanic (picture) … a 10 person upright delta trike. (see picture #14)
· Fumair Flyer, (2) … a 24-person trike.
· Human Powered Bus … this Dutch quad carries 32 pedallers, a driver and a guide.
· Snek … Derk Thijs’ simple cable transmission for row bikes.
· String Bike … a cable drive system for bikes.
· Step'n Go … a reciprocating pedal trike.
· Linear Drive System … from ST Manufacturing in Japan.
· Power Curve … vari-speed “Liquid Drive” system.
· Christini AWD … an all-wheel-drive mountain bike.
· PowerCranks … independent clutched pedal cranks.
· Retro-Direct Gearing … clever means for lower gears by pedaling backwards.
· Schlumpf Bicycle Transmissions … internally geared Mountain-drive and Speed-drive.
· Rohloff SPEEDHUB … 14 speed internally geared hubs.
· K-drive (picture) … a semi-linear (elliptical) drive from Kingcycle.
· Treadle Bike (picture) … a treadle powered upright bike from down under.
· Elliptical Drivetrain … Frank Bokhorst’s interesting project.
· AMIS Chainless Bicycles … a commercially available drive shaft system.
· MBI Gear System … a bi-directional pedaling system from MBI.
· Rotor Cranks … an innovative pedaling device that eliminates dead spots.
[ Also see IHPVA’s Source Guide ]
· HPA Pioneers … early human powered flying efforts.
· HPA Development, (2), (3), (4), (5) summaries by Nihon University.
· Helios … ETS’s human powered helicopter project.
· Raven … an active HPA project.
· Skycycle … a project from the Burnie Tafe College of Tasmania.
· Karura … a human powered Ornithopter
· Human Powered Helicopter … a Cal Poly project.
· White Dwarf … a pedal powered blimp.
· Sblimp … a Swiss design for a pedaled blimp.
· Velair … a recent German HPA.
· Airglow … a British HPA.
· Human Powered Hovercraft … plans available.
· The Royal Aeronautical Society … Human Powered Aircraft Group.
[ Also see Chris Broome's HPA links ]
- - Underwater HPVs (Sites) - -
· Submarine History … check out several HP subs (through the 1870s).
· Turtle … the first human powered military submarine.
· Manatee … a pedaled one-man submarine.
· World Submarine Invitational (1998) … HP race highlights.
· International Submarine Races … international HP sub design competition since 1989. (9/6/04)
· Easyboat … sitting underwater, these HPB operators have a great view.
· Omer 5 … École de Technologie Supérieure’s 2003 record holdering HP submarine. (9/6/04)
· UnderWaterBike … Douglas Buchanan’s design and prototype.
· WASUB … a team from Delft University of Technology prepares for the 2005 HP sub competition. (10/31/04)
Human Powered Vehicle Patents …
[ Land Rowers ] [ Boat Rowers ] [ Winter ] [ Land ] [ Rail ]
[ Water ] [ Water Walkers ] [ Drive Systems ] [ Flying ] [ Underwater ]
| Note: Links to the US Patents below display only the front page. To |
| view the full patent, enter patent number at US Patent Office . |
[ Reminder! This page can be searched using your browser’s Edit/Find function. ]
- - Land Rowers (Patents) - -
( Special thanks to Warren Berger for his many contributions )
§ US 44,256 [Goodman’s fixed seat, hand steered rowing trike (1864)]
§ US 88,366 [Case’s hand steered trike with push/pull row bar and rocking seat assist (1869)]
§ US 224,415 [French’s clever sliding seat “rowed wagon” (1880)]
§ US 248,531 [Troutmann’s clever rowed trike with vertical seat movement assist (1881)]
§ US 273,815 [Carr’s innovative rowed “monocycle” with steered front wheel (1883)]
§ US 288,219 [Elliott’s sliding seat delta trike (1883)]
§ US 293,366 [Silver’s fixed seat delta trike - unique steering and gear adjustment (1884)]
§ US 294,753 [Bown’s fixed seat rowed delta trike with hand steering (1884)]
§ US 305,053 [Cumming’s rowed sliding seat delta trike (1884)]
§ US 305,198 [Kempster’s “rowing vehicle” with sliding seat (1884)]
§ US 314,236 [Gormley’s rowed trike with fixed seat, foot steering and oars (1885)]
§ US 348,325 [Hamshaw’s fixed seat delta rowing trike – hand steered (1886)]
§ US 348,619 [Courtney’s sliding seat rowing trike (1886)]
§ US 369,860 [Kempster’s improved sliding seat trike (1887)]
§ US 427,110 [Quevedo’s “oar” propelled and steered trike (1890)]
§ US 443,890 [Belyea’s interesting rowed (or linear drive) fixed seat quad (1890)]
§ US 474,279 [Arnolds fixed seat trike – push/pull row lever – foot assist – hand steered (1892)]
§ US 516,786 [Clark’s interesting rowed bike with “moving” seat (1894)]
§ US 519,596 [Voigt’s fixed seat “rowed” sled (1894)]
§ US 604,226 [Cain’s fixed seat row bike with legs only or leg and arm drive options (1898)]
§ US 618,580 [Paine’s delta rowing trike with fixed seat (1899)]
§ US 606,854 [Bergstrom’s interesting fixed seat rowing bike (1898)]
§ US 608,350 [Stockford’s fixed seat upright bike with arm rowing lever (1898)]
§ US 614,320 [Dennison’s upright bike with pivoting arm rowing lever (1898)]
§ US 631,531 [Sargeant’s rower with sliding seat AND foot stretcher (1899)]
§ US 642,544 [Burbank’s interesting “oar” propelled and steered sliding seat bike (1900)]
§ US 651,941 [Von Wedel’s interesting arm rowed FWD velocipede (1900)]
§ US 664,231 [Andreen’s fixed seat trike – linked row lever and foot pegs (1900)]
§ US 697,104 [Pietsch’s sliding seat rowing cycle (1902)]
§ US 749,153 [Batchelor’s sliding seat row bike. (1904)]
§ US 813,741 [Rudbeck’s fixed seat delta rowing trike with hand steering (1906)]
§ US 813,742 [another Rudbeck’s fixed seat delta rowing trike with hand steering (1906)]
§ US 834,368 [Dew’s fixed seat rowing quad – hand steered (1906)]
§ US 961,370 [Wheeler’s interesting rowed quad with steering wheel and energy storage (1910)]
§ US 926,131 [McGowan’s sliding seat quad with rack and pinion drive (1909)]
§ US 968,355 [Hopkins’ fixed seat, arm rowed quad – foot steered (1910)]
§ US 1,020,432 [McBarnes’ interesting fixed seat delta trike (1912)]
§ US 1,154,208 [Rundle’s arm rowed, foot steered quad with passenger seat (1915)]
§ US 1,154,616 [Davis’ rowed upright bicycle with fixed seat (1915)]
§ US 1,273,693 [Tucker’s fixed seat arm rowed cycle – foot steered (1918)]
§ US 1,299,696 [Evan’s “oar” rowed delta trike – boat shaped - for children (1919)]
§ US 1,368,066 [Starr’s arm rowed child’s trike with rack and pinion drive (1921)]
§ US 1,368,610 [Dahl’s fixed seat quad with arm rowed 5th wheel drive (1921)]
§ US 1,439,465 [Callaghan’s arm-rowed, fixed seat quad with rack and pinion drive (1922)]
§ US 1,455,124 [Swinland’s arm rowed quad with moving wheel base/seat movement assist (1923)]
§ US 1,479,887 [Bitner’s fixed seat, hand and foot lever “rowed” quad (1924)]
§ US 1,503,832 [Hubbard’s fixed seat, hand steered, children’s quad (1924)]
§ US 1,571,202 [Karcher’s arm rowed trike with treadle and seat weighting assist (1926)]
§ US 1,595,857 [Coffman’s fixed seat rowed LWB bike (1926)]
§ US 1,620,926 [Trullinger’s fixed seat rowing quad (1927)]
§ US 1,735,601 [Curry’s rowed quad with sliding seat (1929)]
§ US 1,845,044 [Curry’s RWS/FWD sliding seat rowing quad - Curry Landskiff (1932)]
§ US 2,012,683 [Johnson’s sliding seat quad (1935)]
§ US 2,049,345 [Young’s “Irish Mail” with multi speed cable drive (1936)]
§ US 2,135,347 [Lorbeski’s fixed seat, hand steered rowing quad (1938)]
§ US 2,177,793 [Taylor’s innovative sliding seat RWS tadpole velomobile (1939)]
§ US 2,198,717 [Bottos’ upright bike with fixed seat and pivoting row bar]
§ US 2,198,942 [Legitt’s arm rowed and steered delta trike – fixed seat (1940)]
§ US 3,174,767 [Sendoykas’ ‘oar’ rowed 3 wheeled ‘boat’ for children (1965)]
§ US 3,498,634 [Sheldon’s fixed seat rowed quad (1970)]
§ US 3,760,905 [Dower’s row type land vehicle (1973)]
§ US 3,895,825 [Sink’s fixed seat bike with pivoting row lever (1975)]
§ US 4,126,329 [Tchernyak’s “oar” propelled, sliding seat tadpole trike]
§ US 4,305,600 [Mendez’s “moving” seat, arm rowed cycle (1981)]
§ US 4,437,677 [Ksayian fixed seat rowed bike (1984)]
§ US 4,508,358 [Erel’s interesting fixed seat rowing vehicle (1985)]
§ US 4,632,414 [Ellefson’s sliding seat land rowing trike (1986)]
§ US 4,639,007 [Lawrence’s fixed set rowed land vehicle (1987)]
§ US 4,664,400 [Date’s unusual see-saw rowing cycle]
§ US 4,700,962 [Salmon’s sliding seat, seat steered "Rowcycle" (picture #23) (1987)]
§ US 4,796,907 [Geller’s sliding seat row type vehicle (1989)]
§ US 4,811,964 [Horn’s arm rowed wheelchair (1989)]
§ US 4,861,055 [Jones’ fixed seat pivoting row lever cycle - Power Pumper (1989)]
§ US 4,886,287 [Krause’s fixed seat rowing vehicle – wheels (1989)]
§ US 4,925,200 [Jones’ fixed seat rowed delta trike or quad - Power Pumper (1990)]
§ US 4,928,986 [Carpenter’s interesting fixed seat rowing cycle (1990)]
§ US 4,941,673 [Benett’s lean steer, sliding seat Landrower (1990)]
§ US 4,976,451 [Kamenov’s sliding seat row type vehicle (1990)]
§ US 5,087,060 [Rogalsi’s thrust lever propelled rowed sled]
§ US 5,209,506 [Klopfenstein’s fixed seat arm-rowed vehicle (1993)]
§ US 5,272,928 [Young’s fixed seat rowing bike Ocelot, (2), (3 – picture #22) (1993)]
§ US 5,280,936 [Schmidlin’s fixed seat rowed bike (1994)]
§ US 5,330,218 [Escudero’s sliding seat rowing bicycle (1994)]
§ US 5,354,083 [Liu’s multi mode row like propulsion system]
§ US 5,492,349 [Ferez’s rowing/steering system]
§ US 5,536,029 [Gramckow’s sliding seat rowing cycle (1996)]
§ US 5,653,663 [McCohan’s fixed seat LWB bike with dual (alternating) row bar drives]
§ US 5,690,346 [Keskitalo’s fixed seat cycle with independent hand and foot “rowing” levers]
§ US 5,826,897 [Beard’s fixed seat, flywheel assisted arm-rowing vehicle]
§ US 5,829,772 [Jones’ fixed seat rowed delta trike or quad - Power Pumper]
§ US 5,833,256 [Gilmore’s fixed seat winter rowing vehicle]
§ US 5,876,052 [Olson’s sliding seat Rowbike (1999)]
§ US 5,997,020 [Borg’s stand-up arm rowed Armbike]
§ US 6,012,732 [Potter’s pedal & row tandem “Land Rower”]
§ US 6,086,078 [Ferez’s fixed seat row cycle]
§ US 6,206,394 [Olson’s sliding seat Rowbike]
§ US 6,276,703 [Caldwell’s arm propelled delta trike with independent wheel drives]
§ US 6,328,325 [Greenwood’s 4 place sliding seat land rowing quad]
§ US 6,352,274 [Redman’s arm rowed, tilting seat steered tadpole trike (2002)]
§ US 6,375,208 [Lee’s arm rowed FWD delta trike scooter (2002)]
§ US 6,557,879 [Caldwell’s fixed seat delta trike … arm rowed and steered (2003)]
§ US 6,585,277 [Monteagudo’s fixed seat, arm rowed quad … foot steered (2003)]
§ US 6,609,724 [Dzvonik’s interesting sliding seat AND feet ScullTrek (2003)]
§ US 6,708,996 [Suptil’s sliding seat Aviroute with expandable drive mechanism (2004)]
§ BE 391,361 [Fetu’s sliding seat tadpole trike with “oars” … FWD / RWS (1932)]
§ BE 438,384 [Dumortier’s fixed seat arm-rowed cycle … foot steered (1940)]
§ DE 435,559 [Pohle’s sliding seat quad (1926)]
§ DE 2,260,626 [Bergmann’s sliding seat quad with seat suspension and ski option]
§ DE 2,426,011 [Herbst’s sliding seat rowing system]
§ DE 2,830,691 [Facco’s LWB sliding seat bike with forward coxswain]
§ DE 3,516,322 [Hirschmann’s slide seat rowing vehicle]
§ DE 3,534,974 [Geller’s sliding seat land rower]
§ DE 3,717,934 [Geller’s improved sliding seat land rower (1988)]
§ DE 4,415,611 [Steinbock’s sliding seat and feet (fixed handle bar) rowing system]
§ DE 88/10187U [Unusual sliding seat rowed trike – seat movement linked to drive rear wheels (1988)]
§ DE10,002,572 [Siegl’s fixed seat Round Rower]
§ DE10,141,623 [Maier’s fixed seat rowed delta trike (2003)]
§ DE1952 5,766 [Vakulenko’s fixed seat FWD center steered cycle]
§ DE1961 4,836 [Raatz’s sliding seat rowing and steering system]
§ DE1993 4,817 [Schibalsky’s sliding seat, foot steered delta trike]
§ DE2001 7601U[Wang’s arm rowed, stand up scooter (2001)]
§ DE29,507,786 [Ruetzel and Flachmann’s fixed seat arm rowed quad – lean steered (1995)]
§ EP0 197,569 [De Weert’s FWD rowed bike with sliding seat (see picture)]
§ EP0 354,555 [Hueber’s sliding seat propelled special needs FunTrike (1990)]
§ EP0 461,286 [Horst’s lo-rider row bike with sliding seat]
§ EP0 706,934 [Mareschs’ sliding seat, fixed handle bar land rower]
§ ES 2,149,648 [Bou Quilez and Llovera’s sliding seat row bike (2000)]
§ FR 507,212 [Falke and Salce’s sliding seat, cable driven quad (1920)]
§ FR 543,588 [Falke and Salce’s sliding seat, cable driven tadpole trike – foot steered (1922)]
§ FR 545,427 [Falke and Salce’s sliding seat, “oar” driven quad (1922)]
§ FR 551,367 [Baere’s arm rowed, fixed seat delta trike (1923)]
§ FR 579,908 [Naquard and Hollard’s tilt-steered, sliding seat quad – see pic #26 (1924)]
§ FR 606,051 [Perret’s sliding seat rowing quad with “oar” drive (1926)]
§ FR 612,851 [Alaphilippe’s “oar” driven tadpole trike (1926)]
§ FR 658,935 [Paunin’s arm rowed, foot steered tadpole trike (1929)]
§ FR 666,011 [Quenault’s rear facing tadpole “boat” with “oar” drive (1929)]
§ FR 769,594 [Ulysse’s sliding seat row bike]
§ FR 775,167 [Guerineau and Giron’s sliding seat quad]
§ FR 788,398 [Vimeau’s fixed seat delta trike – hand steered (1935)]
§ FR 793,761 [Agacho’s sliding seat delta trike]
§ FR 833,700 [Leonard’s fixed seat delta rowing trike – unusual steering system (1938)]
§ FR 890,589 [Francois’ interesting fixed seat, center steered rowbike (1944)]
§ FR 905,598 [Bollengier’s interesting fixed seat, dual drive tadpole trike]
§ FR 912,078 [Mandoff’s sliding seat powered tadpole trike]
§ FR 917,929 [Liblin’s sliding seat quad with “oar” driven FWD and 4 wheel steering]
§ FR 929,537 [Barnasson’s fixed seat, arm rowed trike]
§ FR 935,934 [Grazi and Favard’s sliding seat, foot steered delta trike - oar levers (1948)]
§ FR 995,546 [Gibert’s foot steered, sliding seat rowing trike (1951)]
§ FR 1,364,371 [Lochon’s fixed seat, arm rowed tadpole trike]
§ FR 2,424,178 [Chatillon’s lean steered, sliding seat trikes]
§ FR 2,455,540 [LeMarchand’s interesting fixed seat delta rowing trike]
§ FR 2,474,431 [Chatillon’s sliding seat tilting tadpole trike]
§ FR 2,493,794 [Coggio’s foot steered, sliding seat delta trike (1982)] (8/5/04)
§ FR 2,494,202 [Another variation of Chatillon’s sliding seat tadpole rowing trike]
§ FR 2,657,324 [Drapeau’s sliding seat rowing system]
§ FR 2,677,944 [Gerard’s sliding seat rowing trike]
§ FR 2,682,660 [Lesbre’s foot steer, “oar” driven, sliding seat row trike – Ramebike (see picture #10) (1993)]
§ FR 2,725,683 [Osche’s sliding seat, foot steered delta row trike (1996)]
§ FR 2,728,532 [Etienne’s interesting hand/foot linear drive - bike]
§ FR 2,730,170 [Lesbre’s sliding seat, foot-steered land rowers – Ergobike (picture #4)]
§ FR 2,794,098 [Suptil’s sliding seat Aviroute with expandable drive mechanism]
§ FR 2,818,328 [Leduc’s fixed seat rowing drive system (2002)]
§ FR 2,818,951 [Barbati’s arm rowed scooter (2002)]
§ FR 2,826,924 [Brichet’s fixed seat RWS tadpole trike … twist grip steered (2003)]
§ GB 147,989 [Barrellibier’s arm rowed and steered delta trike (1920)]
§ GB 179,726 [Alexander’s arm rowed Irish Mail type delta trike (1922)]
§ GB 343,338 [Lazzarotto and Congiu’s rear facing delta trike with dual “oar” drives]
§ GB 440,132 [Lachlan’s sliding seat rowing bike (1935)]
§ GB 456,498 [Cornelius’ arm rowed, fixed-seat bike for children (1936)]
§ GB 602,965 [Hill’s sliding seat quad with dual row lever drives (1948)]
§ GB 2,151,562 [Zarco’s combined pedal and row cycle]
§ GB 2,303,594 [Rupp’s rowing system]
§ JP 10,053,186 [Yoshijirou’s fixed seat LWB row bike]
§ JP 51,050,142 [Takaoka’s sliding seat tandem land rower with coxswain (in Japanese)]
§ JP 53,007,045 [Yoshioka’a sliding seat delta trike (in Japanese)]
§ JP 2002029484 [Fixed seat delta trike with dual arm-rowing levers (in Japanese) (2002)]
§ NL 1,019,233 [Veldhizen’s arm rowed fixed seat quad – rear wheel steered (2003)]
§ PT 101,845 [Ferreria’s sliding seat quad]
§ RU 2,201,785 [Lugovoj’s fixed seat rowing drive - linked foot and arm carriages on toothed belt (2003)]
§ WO 94/18059 [Stickler’s sliding seat rowbike with hydraulic steering option (prototype picture) ]
§ WO 00/12378 [Thijs’ Snek transmission for row bikes (2000)]
§ WO 01/03996 [Dzvonik’s interesting sliding seat AND feet ScullTrek]
§ WO 01/96174 [Koehler’s sliding seat trike - Row-K]
§ WO 03/016126 [Marcucci & Pizzochero’s sliding seat tadpole VogaBike (see #27) (2002)]
[ Also see patents for linear (or row lever) drives under …
HP Drive Systems, Rail HPVs and Non-pedaled Land HPVs ]
- - Boat Rowers (Patents) - -
§ US 182,023 [Isaac’s fixed seat rowing shell with sliding rigger (1876)]
§ US 184,031 [Blakeman’s fixed seat, sliding rigger rowing system (1879)]
§ US 185,032 [Isaacs’ unusual sliding seat AND “sliding row-lock” system (1879)]
§ US 230,690 [Benett’s fixed seat, sliding rigger rowing shell (1880)]
§ US 269,924 [Elliott’s interesting sliding seat, moving oarlock system - to extend strokes (1883)]
§ US 284,984 [Schunk’s front facing rowing gear (1883)]
§ US 401,736 [Curlin’s paddlewheel or prop driven HPB – row lever with linked foot pegs (1889)]
§ US 522,545 [Wright’s “Bow Facing Oars” (1894)]
§ US 535,584 [Harbers’ forward facing rowing device (1895)]
§ US 562,369 [Berron’s forward facing rowing oars (1896)]
§ US 568,707 [Shnicke’s “Bow Facing Oars” (1896)]
§ US 578,815 [Fryer’s propeller driven HPB – powered and steered by “oars” (1897)]
§ US 611,497 [Lucier’s “Bow Facing Oars” (1898)]
§ US 718,156 [Putman’s forward facing boat rowers (1903)]
§ US 788,884 [Buff’s “Bow Facing Oars” (1905)]
§ US 808,720 [another of Buff’s “Bow Facing Oars” (1906)]
§ US 892,418 [Hallman’s interesting front facing rowing mechanism (1908)]
§ US 1,345,860 [Kohl’s “Bow Facing Oars” (1920)]
§ US 1,381,923 [Kemp’s “Bow Facing Oars” (1921)]
§ US 1,476,987 [Larsen’s “Bow Facing Oars” (1923)]
§
US 2,873,713
[Baastrup’s unusual pivot flap rower – ‘row’ forward or reverse (1959)]
§ US 3,369,517 [Rosenthal’s arm rowing catamaran … retracting propulsion vane, foot steered (1968)] (3/31/05)
§ US 3,729,369 [Trull’s forward facing rower with automatic end-of-stroke feathering]
§ US 3,857,356 [Jewett’s unusual forward facing rower - with “self-surfacing” oar blades]
§ US 3,884,175 [Bellis’ forward facing oars – with storage facilitating feature]
§ US 3,898,950 [Martin’s drop-in Oarmaster, (2) rower]
§ US 4,052,951 [Farr’s forward facing boat rowing system (1977)]
§ US 4,383,830 [Cartwright’s fixed seat, pivoting rigger rowing system (1983)]
§ US 4,623,314 [Waugh’s fixed seat, sliding rigger, forward facing rowing arrangement (1986)]
§ US 4,649,852 [Plantedosi’s sliding seat rower attachment – attached to gunnels]
§ US 4,781,630 [Gertsch’s sliding seat, propeller driven rowing arrangement]
§ US 4,867,718 [duPont’s interesting “Hydrofoil Oars” – with sliding seat (1989)]
§ US 4,889,509 [Pohlus’ fixed seat, sliding rigger rowing arrangement for shells (1989)]
§ US 4,960,396 [Stolzer’s foot operated sculling device]
§ US 4,976,423 [Routti’s fixed seat, sliding rigger rowing attachment for surfboards (1990)]
§ US 5,037,339 [Smith’s forward facing boat row apparatus]
§ US 5,112,951 [Humphrey’s front facing row system – boats (1992)]
§ US 5,127,859 [Rantilla’s Front Rower - forward facing rowing system (1992)]
§ US 5,215,482 [Henry’s front facing boat rower]
§ US 5,248,272 [DuPont’s front facing boat rowing device]
§ US 5,360,357 [Drake’s single oar, fixed seat, sideways seating HPB with outrigger]
§ US 5,630,739 [Mele’s forward facing boat rowing system]
§ US 5,647,782 [Henry’s interesting fixed seat front facing rower]
§ US 5,669,793 [Walton’s sliding paddle rowing device]
§ US 5,685,750 [Rantilla’s Front Rower – for boats]
§ US 5,899,780 [Robbins’ drop-in sliding seat rowing unit]
§ US 6,083,066 [Wright’s front facing rowing system – with automatic blade feathering option]
§ US 6,109,988 [Dunn’s fixed seat, moving oar lock, forward facing rowing device]
§ US 6,113,447 [Roy’s forward facing rowing HPB with integral riggers]
§ US 6,241,565 [Doroftel’s front facing sliding seat HPB – with unusual helical drive to a propeller]
§ CA 2,028,867 [Dustan’s forward facing rowing apparatus]
§ CA 2,269,516 [Salvail’s front facing HPB]
§ DE 3,205,905 [Nowatny’s front facing paddling device]
§ DE 3,609,299 [Affeld’s front facing rowing system]
§ DE 3,729,651 [Woelky’s sliding seat water jet propulsion]
§ DE 3,902,367 [more of Woelky’s front facing rowers (1990)]
§ DE 3,925,387 [Trauten’s sliding seat air-jet system]
§ DE 4,341,781 [Werner’s between hull catamaran rower]
§ DE20,112,361U [Protz’s front facing sliding rigger arrangement (2002)]
§ DE20,116,742U [Martin and Kaltenbach’s front facing rowing system for shells (2002)]
§ EP 1,180,479 [Laughton’s sliding rigger system (2002)]
§ FR 800,666 [Ravon’s sliding seat rowing system with paddlewheel or prop drive]
§ FR 2,167,428 [Freville’s paddlewheel driven rowed catamaran – sliding seat (1973)]
§ FR 2,577,513 [Hurtaud’s forward facing boat rowing system]
§ FR 2,603,248 [Girard’s front facing rowing system - boats]
§ FR 2,705,081 [Lefeuvre’s front boat rowing system]
§ FR 2,827,257 [Giroud’s catamaran with sliding seat and cable drive to propeller (2003)]
§ GB 2,101,946 [Waugh’s forward facing boat rower]
§ GB 2,118,506 [Byung’s row driven propeller system]
§ GB 2,233,946 [Dunstan’s front rowing system for boats]
§ GB 2,322,610 [Davis’ hydrofoil rowing boat]
§ WO 90/08062 [Pohlus’ unusual sliding seat AND sliding rigger system … opposite directions (1990)]
§ WO 95/13963 [Capuzzo’s front rowing system for boats]
- - Rail HPVs (Patents) - -
( Thanks to Warren Berger for this contribution )
· US 167,119 [Ray’s hand-car quad with dual row lever drive (1875)]
· US 213,254 [Sheffield’s recumbent hand-car with foot pegs linked to row lever (1879)]
· US 225,585 [Fox’s pedaled “Railway Velocipede” with reversible seating direction (1880)]
· US 226,304 [Glover’s 4 person hand-car with dual tandem row lever drives and 4 wheels (1880)]
· US 246,000 [Ferres’ 2WD arrangement with push/pull lever drive (1881)]
· US 249,895 [Campbell and Prindle’s pedaled “Railroad Velocipede” (1881)]
· US 260,903 [Sheffield’s face-to-face tandem hand car – row lever propelled (see picture #14) (1882)]
· US 269,237 [Sheffield’s clever hand-car with seat movement assist between rowing strokes (1882)]
· US 269,490 [Walz’s clever FWD system with seat movement assist between strokes (1882)]
· US 269,906 [Willits’ FWD row lever drive with on-demand seat movement assist (1883)]
· US 270,320 [Linsley’s row lever, foot-peg propelled hand car with retractable outrigger (1883)]
· US 270,480 [Randall’s FWD hand car with options of side-by-side seating and electric assist (1883)]
· US 271,720 [Linsley’s rowed hand car with rack and pinion drive (1883)]
· US 288,507 [Spencer’s rowed rail vehicle with seat movement assist between strokes (1883)]
· US 286,623 [McGaffey’s FWD hand-car with push/pull row lever drive (1883)]
· US 447,935 [Brady’s pedaled upright rail-bike with row lever assist and outrigger (1891)]
· US 462,908 [Brady’s pedaled upright single or tandem rail bike (1891)]
· US 468,671 [Mann’s face-to-face tandem hand car with common row lever (1892)]
· US 468,673 [Mann’s row lever and foot-peg propelled hand car with outrigger (1892)]
· US 468,674 [another of Mann’s row lever and foot-peg propelled hand cars (1892)]
· US 492,337 [Randolph’s face-to-face tandem hand car with common row lever (1893)]
· US 495,529 [Taft’s face-to-face tandem 4 wheel hand car with common row lever (1893)]
· US 514,449 [Donovan’s pedaled upright rail bike with dual row lever assist (1894)]
· US 542,326 [Brady’s upright rail trike with pedal cranks and on-demand row lever assist (1895)]
· US 550,520 [Mellor’s upright “Railway Tricycle” - pedaled (1895)]
· US 567,362 [Small’s hand-car quad with dual row lever drive (1896)]
· US 601,439 [Heaton’s 2WD vehicle with dual reciprocating row lever drive (1898)]
· US 611,808 [Donovan’s rail quad – propelled by row lever with linked foot pegs (1898)]
· US 617,344 [Milliron’s “Hand Car” – 6 wheels – mid wheel drive via pump type lever (1899)]
· US 645,115 [Mattews’ rail bike with push/pull row lever and retractable outrigger (1900)]
· US 693,128 [Gorneman’s device for converting an upright bike for use on rails (1902)]
· US 734,491 [Brady’s pedaled upright rail bike with row lever assist (1903)]
· US 753,106 [Pierce’s pedaled ”Railway Velocipede” (1904)]
· US 783,463 [Reed’s low profile rail bike with row lever and linked foot slide (1905)]
· US 890,790 [O’Connor’s rail velocipede with row lever and linked foot pegs (1908)]
· US 925,818 [Mangels’ arm rowed multi-person “boats” and parallel race tracks (1894)]
· US 941,420 [Kerr’s arm rowed rail dicycle (1909)]
· US 1,013,041 [Mossman’s face-to-face tandem rail car with common push/pull row lever (1911)]
· US 1,107,579 [Brady’s pedaled upright rail bike with linked row lever and outrigger (1914)]
· US 1,254,434 [Rea’s attachment for converting upright bicycles for use on rails (1918)]
· US 1,436,532 [Revny’s apparatus for converting upright cycles for railways (1922)]
· US 4,230,046 [Smart’s clever rail-or-road convertible upright bicycle (1980)]
· DE 2,225,845 [Veltmann’s hanging monorail cycle – pedaled (1973)]
· JP2001334933 [Noguchi’s “Cycling Train” with multiple upright bikes (in Japanese) (2001)]
· WO 98/46466 [Burman’s upright rail bike with outrigger (1999)]
- - Winter HPVs (Patents) - -
§ US 500,826 [Thacher’s oar propelled ice boat (1893)]
§ US 519,596 [Voigt’s fixed seat “rowed” sled (1894)]
§ US 526,556 [Bolton’s pedaled “Ice Velocipede”]
§ US 541,426 [Detreux’s upright “Traction Vehicle” – pedaled track with wheel forward]
§ US 551,442 [Korff’s “Ice Velocipede” - pedaled (1895)]
§ US 654,291 [Stith’s bike with conveyor-belt like traction wheels (1900)]
§ US 756,767 [Youngken’s pedaled snow bike propelled by shuffling rear skis (1904)]
§ US 869,170 [Foote’s hand powered sled (1907)]
§ US 1,070,158 [Mercier’s hand powered sled (1913)]
§ US 1,221,898 [Palm’s pedaled “Sled” … single rear track and forward ski (1917)]
§ US 1,225,529 [Tubbs’ sled with skis and reciprocating foot pedal driven wheel (1917)]
§ US 1,261,204 [Barton’s folding “Ice Cycle” – pedaled (1918)]
§ US 1,318,166 [Matheus’ pedaled sled with spring loaded track (1919)]
§ US 1,604,245 [Taylor’s hand powered, flexible “paddlewheel” propelled sled (1926)]
§ US 2,475,250 [Petersen’s complex looking “Runner Vehicle’ - pedaled]
§ US 3,336,037 [Brozovich’s pedaled ice vehicle]
§ US 3,441,285 [Rogers’ device for using bikes on ice or snow]
§ US 3,833,233 [Sugiyama’s pedaled snow vehicle with retractable drive wheel (1974)]
§ US 3,915,468 [Hoareau’s pedaled track snow bike]
§ US 3,931,983 [Kanouse’s snow cycle]
§ US 3,960,387 [Nerio’s HP snowmobile for children]
§ US 4,146,101 [Plourde’s snow cycle - pedaled or motor driven track (1979)]
§ US 4,168,841 [Uhlyarik’s bicycle conversion system for use on ice and snow]
§ US 4,466,626 [Leritz’s ice/snow vehicle – pedaled, retractable rear wheel (1984)]
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