Balmung :
Gae Bulga :
Halteclere :
Hrunting :
Naegling :
Fal - stone of destiny
Sword of Ing :
Tizon :

Robin Hood :

Tarnkappe : Magical cape of Sifrit - made him invisible

Isentein Castle : Caslte of Queen Brunhilde, kwoman warrior, whom Sifrit defeated invisible so that Gunther could marry her. Queen Brunhilde hcallenged Gunther to 3 contests - the first to tilt, then throw a boulder & then leap to it. (Is = Ice, Steinn = stone, Iclandic). If Sifrit aprached from the east he would have seen the cliffs of dark basalt (since Iceland is a volcanic island) rising 3,000' above the sea into the air. On the Eastern coast, near the town of Eskifjördur, are beds of Iceland spar, a transparent and vitreous mineral that can be seen from long distances and from the sea probably looks very much like ice. Descriptions of Brunhilde's castle are probably a poetic memory of Iceland (?), the green marble of its floors seemed altogether inexplicable. There are no real castle or ruins of real castles in Iceland. However, a historical Brunhilde (or Brunehaut), daughter of the Visgoth king of Spain, did mary in 566 Sigebert, king of Austrasie. In some stories Sifrit also came from Santen in Austrie. In Spain there is green marble called Mabre Campan.

Urus - Buffalo, is one of the rare animals mentioned in the texts of Sifrit and also found in the annals of Charlemagne's hunts and also in connection with the Valhalla warriors.

Atilla - Called Etzel in text of Sifrit, Etzel is also the name for the Volga.

Lugh- Celtic version of Apollo. Father of Cuchulain.
Connla - Son of Cuchulain
Culann the Smith- Also Gobnenn (also Volcan?), this dog guards the entrance to Hades in classical mythology and is known as Cerberus. Culann is the Celtic version of Volcan (?)
Ferdiad - pronounced Fer-dee-ah, final combatant and champion of Queen maeb to fight Cuchulain. They were friends and trained together at Skye. Killed by the Gae Bulga, a harpoon, which Cuchulain had masteredm but which he hadn't.

Dazbod - Russian sun god.
Cloudy Wine - Sign of long afflilction (Rus.) as in Berta of Hungary "the river was cloudy as ale."
Pearls - Sign of tears.

El Poyo De Mio Cid - Hill of Mio Cid. My hero.
Don Remont - Count of Barrcelona
Jerome - Moi Cid's version of Rolland's Archbishop Turpins. Jerome died 426, probably came from France not the Orient: "Depart de orient ... don hieronymo."
Babieca - Mio Cid's horse, masculine nound meaning "udiot, fool."

Carls - Common people
Wyrd - Goddes of death, sometime Weird.
Scop - Bard
Boar - Sacred to the goddess Frya.
byrnie - body armor
Indra - Ancient India's god of thunder - pierced a cloud with his thunderbolt, causing the cloud to split and flood the dry Earth with Rain. The hot breath of the dragon, which is the symbol of the cloud, represented the hot winds of drought.

Arthur - Son of Uther Pendragon. Taken in by the wizard Merlin while just a boy & father died. Hid him w/ Sir Ector. Married Gwynevere.
Sir Berlad de Hautdesert- magical Green Knight. Unarmed while wearing green plate mail. Good knight but wouldn't side with Arthur (or w/ his enemies). Fond fo testing knights of the round table.
Sir Galahad - dressed in white armor. Bastard son of Sir Launcelot & Princess Elaine. Perfect representation of knighthood. A paragon of prutity & invicibilty. Succeffully completed quest for the Grail.
Sir Gareth of Orkney - Knight of Many Colors. Young son of King Lot served in the kitchen of Arthur. Enemy of Sir Kay (who called him "Beaumains." Most modest of knights & used his great fighting skills to help many a lady in distress (especially Lady Lyoness). Noted for many colors used on his amror and shield.
Sir Garlon - (the invisible knight) - evil. Always fight invisibly & defeated by several good knights working together. Given the power of invisibilty by a witch of the fens for the promise to only use the power for evil.
Gwalchmei - another name for Sir Gawain, in most versions of Arthurian Legend he followed Sir Kay. Favorite cousin of Arthur, revengefull and would travel to the ends of the Earth to right some supposed wrong done to him or his family. Sword name: Galantine. Given magical power of strength charging durring the day: Gradually increasing in the morning thime, normal after midday.
Sir Lamorah - Son of King Pellinore, championof many tournaments held by Queen Morgawse (Lamark's lover). he was the death of several members of the Round table. Greatest enemy Sir Gawaine & brothers. Noted for a battle in which he killed 12 renegade knights of Morgan la Fay.
Sir Launcelot du Lake - At one time the best of the best at the Round Table fell from Arthur's side after being tricked into faling in love with the lovely Elaine (who gave him a bastard son) but he would never refuse to help the King in time of need. Went on all of the most important quests for the king and defended him in battle.
Merliln - The son of a sorceress and demon. Powers far beyond those of morals. Can forsee the future in a random manner. There are times when is inability to see what lies just ahead causes hm great problems. On several occasions attacked. Very Earthly, a pretty face causes him to act boyish to impress her.
Morgan La Fay - Half sister of Arthur, constantly uses the powers of illusion to attempt to become Queen of the British Isles. Arthu knew of her evil ways, but never acted against her because of he blood tie between them. Fay means faerie. Sometimes able to trick a knight of the Round Table into her castle to imprison them or seduce them to her evil ways.
Sir Palomides the Saracen - Bitter rival of Sir Tristam. Noted for quickness of scimitar and courage in battle and composite bow (not normally a weapon of a knight since it wasn't a melee weapon).
King Pellinore - Knight of the Questing Beast. Faught with King Arthur, almost defeated him. Later joined the Round Table & one of the Queen's Guard. Family fated to persue the Questing Beast, though they, nor nobody else, will ever catch it.
Sir Tristram of Lyoness - known for his skill of arms & savagry in battle, considered by many to be the second best only to Launcelot du Lake. Well known for ill-fated romance wth Lady igolde, who was married to the evil & cowardsly king Mark. The insanely jealous king searches constantly for ways to discredit and destroy the noble Trustram.

Agravaine - brother of Gawain & betrayer of of Launcelot.
Dagonet - Arthur's court jester.
Gaheris - brother of Gawain.
Kay - Arthurs seneschal.

Owein - the Red Knight, he who killed Peredur's Father. Owein's mother was a witch.
Kaer Loyw - Glouchester
Angerat of the Golden Hand - Low Euraw, damsel whom Peredur fell in love with.
Avalon - apple. also Avalla - comes from Avalon.
Baladyr Hir - Long lance

Roland - French, Orlando - Itallian, originally in old French Rollanz. Carles was Charlemagne.
Romagna - Romania
Saint Denis - Patron saint of France.
Val Tenebrus - Valley of shadows
Cleric - is "scholar" or "intellectual" in Old French.
Clergy - is "learning" or "scholars" in Old French.

Louis Marquis - "Marquis" of the marches, son of Carles , or Charlemagne, wedded to Alde instead of Rolland marrying her because he died in Spain.
Debonaire - original meaning : "highborn" The last name of Berta.

Rhine at Saint Herbert - Near Cologne
Ardennes - a great forest setting for Shakepeare's As You Like It.
Forest of Mars - Like Sherwood in England, plays its part in medieval fact & legend, It was here that Charles VI went violently.
Olive Tree - Symbol of peace - Sir Olivers the Wise in the Roland.
Elaine - lady of Lancelot. her hair is compared to Berta's in Berta and also uses this comparison.
Outremer - Holy land , Friesland

Book of Hours - One of the most valuable & prized possessions of the middle ages. One that belonged to the Duke of Berry is at the Cloisters branch of the Metropolitan Museum of New York City. Even an ordinary book would have been worth several thousand dollars in modern currency.

Fenris - see Fenrir
Fenrir - [ON] In Norse mythology, a great wolf, bound by the gods with a magic rope.
Thor - [ON Thorr < base seen in Thunder; c.f. Thursday] In Norse mythology, the god of thunder, war, and strength, and the son of Odin : he had a magic hammer with which he destroyed the foes of the gods.
Frigga - See Frig
Frigg - In Norse mythology, the wife of Odin and goddess of heaven, presiding over marriage nad home.
Loki - In Norse mythology, the god who constantly created discord and mischief : he caused the death of Balder.

Monday - n. [ME Mone(n)dai; AS mon(an) - daeg , moon day; monan, genit. of mona, the moon & daeg, day ; rendering LL Lunae dies]

Tuesday - n [ME Tuesdai, Twisdai ; AS Tiwes daeg, Tiw's day, rendering L Maris dies; AS Tiw, god of war, is cognate with Gr Zeus, L deus (c.f. Jupiter)]

Wednesday - n. [Wednes dei ; AS Wodnes daeg , Woden's day < Woden chief of the Gmc deities (c.f. Woden, Odin); used in AS transl of latin dies Mercurii, Mercury's day, fourth day of the wek]

Thursday - n. [ME Thoresdai , Thurnres dai < AS Thunres daeg , ON. Thorsdagr , Thor's day , rendering LL Jovis deis ; c.f. From Jeudi , G. Donnerstag]

Friday - n. [ ME Fridai ; AS Frigedaeg, lit. day of the goddess Frid (ON Frigg ; see Frigg), wife of Wodan (ON Oddin : c.f. Wednesday), trans. L Veneris dies, (Fr Vendredi), Venus's day ; akin to G Freitag ; Frig is probably confused with Freya , Gmc goddess of love; for the Gmc & IE bass see Free]

Saturday - n. [ME saterdai ; AS Saeterdaeg or Saeternes-daig <soetern (< L Saturnus), Saturn + daeg, day]

Sunday - n. [AS Sunnan daeg, day of the Sun; used as transl of LL dies solis, day of the sun].

Urania - Greek classical, muse of astronomy.
Beelzebub - Phoenician deity, see also Baal.
Baal - ("Lord of the Flies") also "Belus", Phoenician sun god. Many aspects - many names. most were nature deities. There were temples for him at babylon and Assyria.
Satan - Hebrew for "adversary."
Briareos - a tital who led the rest of the titans against Jove. Said to have a hundred hands, punished for rebelling by being thrown into the underworld (under Mt Etna).
Typhon - A giant, led the giants against Jove. Said to havea hundred thousand heads, punished for rebeling by being thrown into the underworld (under Mt Etna).
Leviathon - The great sea monster of Isiah 27:1 and Job 41.
Styx - (Stygian - of the river Styx, thus demonic, hellish)
Orion -
Moloch - Also Chemos or Chemosh in Moab. A sun god, sometimes represented as a roaring bull or with a calf's head, within whose brazen image children mights be burned in sacrifices (for a lurid fictional account, se Flaubert's Salammbo). The rites of Moloch on the Mount of Olives right opposite the Jewish temple, and in the valley of Hinnom, so pooluted the places that they were turned into the refuse dump ofJerusalem. thus they became "types" (analogies) of Hell, under the names "Tophet" and "Gehenna." Moloh homocide - an epitet was often joined to a god's surname; this is Milton's parady of Molloch the Mankiller. The story of "good Josiah" and his campaign against pagan gods is told in 2 Kings 23 and 2 Chronicles 34.
Tophet - a type of Hell.
Gehenna - a type of Hell.
Jupiter of Tonans - Jove the Thunderer
Baalim - plural masculin form of Baal. As Baals were aspects of the sun god.
Ahstaroth - plural feminine form of Astarte. Astartes (Ishtars) were manifistations of the moon goddess.
Thammuz - a Syrian god (in Greek mythos he was Asonis - god of the solar year). Supposed to have been killed by a boar in Lebanon; annual festivals mourned his deathbed celebrated his revival. Imitating the cycle of vegtable life.
Daggon - Philistine sea god. When the Philistines stole the ark of God, they tried to store it in the temple of their sea god, Dagon; but in the morning they mutilated statueof Dagon was found on the threshold ("grunsel-esge"). See Samuel 5;1-5. Upwards a man - downwards a fish. Main sities of worship: Azotus, Gath, Ascalon, Accaron and Gaza.
Rimmon - Damascus diety.
Apis, Isis, Osiris - Biblically believed to be the deoms driven in terror from Heaven by the revolt of the giants (so Ovid tells us in metamorphoses 5) and forced to wander through Egypt in animal disquises. There were temples to him at Alcairo (modern cairo, ancient Memphis) in Egypt. One of his names was Serapis (Here, but not ordinarily, accented on first syllabul). (Apis: Also, Milton believed that the idol that Aaron makes in the wilderness (Oreb) of the calf out of gold to be that of Apis because the gold came from Egypt.)
Belial - Though Milton uses belial as the name of a fallen angel there was never a god worchipped by such a name. His name was originally an abstract nund meaning "wickedness"; hence used mainly in set phrases like "sons of belieal." He came last in the epic catalouge of gods because he was weak and slothful.
Ionian gods-
Saturn- also Cronos, one of the titans, diposed his elder brother, married his sister Rhea, and ruled until Zeus, who had been reared in secret on Mt Ida in Crete, overthrow his father and came to rule Mt Olympus. The Olympic gods, headed by Zeus, were also worshipped in Delphi, Dodna, and throughout the "Doric (Grecian) land". Meanwhile, according to Milton, Saturn after his downfall fled across the Adraitic Sea ("Adria") to Italy ("the Hesperian fields"), crossed "the celtic" (fields) of France, and finally reached Britain ("the utmost isles").
Rhea-
Jove-

Titans - The titans were regarded as gods by the Greeks (Javan's issue," i.e., offspring of Javan, son of Japhet, son of Noah), but were admittedly created later than heaven and earth (Uranus and ge), whose children they were said to be. Miltons's Christian humanism naturally led him, wherever possible, to use classical myths as analogues (paralles or reflections) of Christian history.
Ge -
Uranus -
Giants - The giants of Greek mythologywere born at Phlegra: Milton imagines them united with the seven who fought aginst Thebes, and he whole Greek host that besieged Troy ("Illium"), plus the various gods who helped on both sides. He even adds the knights "British or Armoric" (from Brittany) who faught with King Arthur ("Uther's son"), and includes a list of proper names taken from the cycles of romance and suggesting vast, remote armies.
Fontarabbia - reputed to be the scene of Roland's last stand in Chanson de Roland; Milton mingles the fall of Charlemagne with that of his best loved knight (Arthur).
Biserta -